5 I sleep

Is my body the same as everyone else's? You are the only person exactly like you in the whole world-that makes you very special! But although you are different from everyone else, your body is made of the same things as theirs. And it has exactly the same parts doing all the different jobs that keep you alive. Everyone's body has all the important parts shown below. These are some of the parts of the body that can be different. Hair can be dark, fair or red, curly, wavy or straight. Eyes can be different shades of blue, brown, grey or green. Noses are different shapes. Some people have freckles. Muscles can be big or small. Skin comes in lots of different colours. Some people are tall, some are small. Some people are fat, some are thin. Can you see the wavy lines in the skin on your fingertips? They are your fingerprints. No one else in the whole world has the same fingerprints as you.

我的身体和其他人的一样吗？ 你是世界上唯一和你一模一样的人——这让你很特别！但是，尽管你和其他人不同，你的身体和他们的身体是由同样的东西组成的。 它有完全相同的部分做着维持你生命的所有不同的工作。 每个人的身体都有如下所示的所有重要部位。 这些是身体的一些不同部位。 头发可以是深色、浅色或红色、卷曲、波浪或直发。 眼睛可以是不同深浅的蓝色、棕色、灰色或绿色。 鼻子的形状不同。 有些人长雀斑。 肌肉可大可小。 皮肤有很多不同的颜色。 有些人高，有些人小。 有些人胖，有些人瘦。 你能看到指尖皮肤上的波浪纹吗？ 它们是你的指纹。 世界上没有其他人的指纹和你一模一样。

What is inside my head? The most exciting and important part of your body is hidden inside your head, beneath your hair, your skin and your hard skull bone. It is your brain. Your brain is the part of you that thinks and remembers. It also makes sure the rest of your body is doing what it should! Your brain has two sides. The right side of your brain looks after the left side of your body, while the left side looks after the right side of your body. People's brains come in different sizes. But bigger brains don't make people more clever —any more than having big feet makes them better runners! What makes me feel things? Every minute of the day your brain is being sent messages about all the different things that are happening inside and outside your body. Some are about things you feel. All the messages travel to your brain along paths called nerves. Your nerves start in your brain, then travel in a thick bundle down your back. From there they branch out to every part of your body. Nerves tell your body what's happening to it—u like whether water feels too hot or too cold. Messages travel very fast along your nerves. The quickest go as fast as 400 km/h! Hurt or pain are feelings that tell you if something is wrong. They are your body's warning system. It hurts when you stub your toe because your body is telling you to stop- something is in your way!

我脑子里有什么？你身体中最令人兴奋和最重要的部分隐藏在你的头里面，在你的头发、皮肤和坚硬的颅骨下面。 是你的大脑。大脑是你思考和记忆的部分。 它还能确保你身体的其他部分都在做它应该做的事情！你的大脑有两面。 你的右脑照管你身体的左半边，而左半边照管你身体的右半边。 人们的大脑有不同的大小。 但是更大的大脑并不会让人更聪明——就像大脚并不会让人跑得更好一样！是什么让我有感觉？ 一天中的每一分钟，你的大脑都在接收到关于身体内外发生的各种不同事情的信息。 有些是关于你的感受。 所有的信息都沿着被称为神经的路径传递到你的大脑。 你的神经从你的大脑开始，然后在你的背上传播。 它们从那里伸展到你身体的每一个部位。 神经告诉你的身体发生了什么——比如水是太热还是太冷。 信息在你的神经中传播得非常快。 最快的速度可以达到400公里/小时！伤害或痛苦是告诉你是否出了问题的感觉。 它们是你身体的警告系统。 当你撞到脚趾的时候会疼，因为你的身体在告诉你停下来——有东西挡住了你的路！

How many bones do I have? When you were born, you had about 350 bones. But by the time you finish growing, you will have just over 200! The missing bones won't have fallen out or disappeared. Instead, as you get older, some of your smaller bones will join together to make bigger ones. Your bones are partly made of a hard stony stuff called caldum, but unlike stones they are alive. They get bigger as you grow up. Without bones inside you to give you a shape, you'd be like a floppy, squishy bag. Bones are hard and strong. They help to keep the softer parts inside you from getting hurt. The longest bone in your body is the one above your knee, called your thigh bone. Most of us have twelve pairs of ribs, but some people have an extra pair. Your ribs help to keep your lungs and heart safe. Although your skull is made of lots of bones, most of them are fixed together. Only your jaw bone moves. What is my funny bone? The funny thing about your funny bone is that it isn't a bone at all. It's a nerve that runs just under your skin over each elbow. If you bang your elbow, the nerve is banged, too. It sends a message to your brain and you feel pain!

我有多少块骨头？当你出生时，你有大约350块骨头。 但当你完成生长时，你将有超过200个！丢失的骨头不会脱落或消失。 相反，随着年龄的增长，你的一些小骨头会连接在一起形成更大的骨头。 你的骨头有一部分是由一种叫做钙质的坚硬石质物质构成的，但与石头不同的是，它们是有生命的。 随着你长大，它们会变大。 如果你体内没有骨头给你形状，你就会像一个软软的、黏糊糊的袋子。 骨头又硬又结实。 它们有助于防止你体内柔软的部分受到伤害。 人体内最长的骨头是膝盖以上的那块，叫做大腿骨。 我们大多数人有12对肋骨，但有些人有多余的一对。 你的肋骨有助于保护你的肺和心脏的安全。 虽然你的头骨是由很多骨头组成的，但它们中的大多数是固定在一起的。 只有你的颚骨在动。我的搞笑骨头是什么？ 有趣的是，你的搞笑骨头根本就不是骨头。 它是一根神经，就在你的皮肤下，穿过你的每只手肘。 如果你撞到肘部，神经也会受到伤害。 它会向你的大脑发送一个信息，你会感到疼痛！

What is my skin for? Skin is the stretchy bag you live in. It covers your whole body, holding your insides in and protecting them from the outside world. Your skin gets its colour from something called melanin. People with dark skin have more melanin than people with light skin. Whether your skin is light or dark, too much sun can burn you. Wear a hat and put on a layer of sun protection cream. How thick is my skin? In most places, your skin isn't much thicker than cardboard. But although it is so thin, lots of things happen inside it. Hair grows in skin, and sweat is made there. Skin also has blood vessels, and nerves to send messages to your brain. This is what skin looks like through a microscope. Hair grows out of a pit called a follicle. Sweat comes out of holes called pores. Sweat is salty water that your body makes when it's hot. What are goose bumps? When a cat is cold, its fur fluffs up. This traps a blanket of air next to its skin to keep it warm. Your hair also stands up when you are cold and shivery, and goose bumps? are made by tiny hair muscles tightening. This doesn't keep you very warm, though, because you're not hairy enough!

我的皮肤是干什么用的？皮肤是你生活的弹力袋。 它覆盖着你的整个身体，把你的内脏包裹起来，保护它们不受外界的伤害。 你皮肤的颜色来自于一种叫做黑色素的东西。 深色皮肤的人比浅色皮肤的人有更多的黑色素。 无论你的皮肤是浅色还是深色，太多的阳光都会晒伤你。 戴上帽子，涂上一层防晒霜。 我的皮肤有多厚？在大多数地方，你的皮肤不比纸板厚多少。 虽然它很薄，但里面发生了很多事情。 头发长在皮肤上，汗液就在那里产生。 皮肤也有血管和神经向大脑发送信息。 这是显微镜下皮肤的样子。 头发从一个叫做毛囊的坑里长出来。 汗水从毛孔里出来。 汗水是你的身体在热的时候产生的咸水。 什么是鸡皮疙瘩？猫冷的时候，它的毛会蓬松起来。 这就在它的皮肤附近形成了一层空气来保暖。 当你感到寒冷和颤抖时，你的头发也会竖起来，还有起鸡皮疙瘩？ 都是由细小的毛发使肌肉绷紧。 不过，这并不能让你很暖和，因为你的毛发不够多！

How do I move? Muscles make you move, by pulling your bones about. When you smile or cry, speak or eat, walk or skip, muscles are doing the work. A muscle can only make itself shorter. It needs another muscle pulling the other way to stretch it out again. To make a bone move, a muscle gets shorter. This pulls the bone one way. To pull the bone back again, another muscle gets shorter. Muscles are fixed to your bones by strong white strings called tendons. why do strong people have big muscles? Muscles get bigger and stronger if they are used a lot. That's why sportswomen and sportsmen practise hard and do lots of exercises. Your biggest muscles are the ones you sit on! Many tennis players have bigger muscles in the arm they use to hold their racquet. What is cramp? Cramp is when a muscle suddenly feels tight and painful. It stops moving properly and it feels like it's stuck. No one is quite sure why cramp happens, but it goes if you rest the sore part. Rubbing it can also help.

我怎么移动？肌肉通过拉动你的骨头使你运动。 当你微笑或哭泣，说话或吃饭，走路或跳跃时，肌肉都在工作。 肌肉只能使自己变短。 它需要另一块肌肉向另一个方向拉动，才能再次伸展。 为了让骨头移动，肌肉会变短。 这会把骨头往一个方向拉。 为了把骨头拉回来，另一块肌肉会变短。 肌肉是通过一种叫做肌腱的白色绳子固定在骨头上的。 为什么强壮的人有大肌肉？ 如果经常使用，肌肉会变得更大更强壮。 这就是为什么女运动员和男运动员努力训练，做大量的练习。 你最大的肌肉是你坐在上面的肌肉！许多网球运动员在手臂上有更大的肌肉用来拿球拍。 什么是抽筋？抽筋是指肌肉突然感到紧绷和疼痛。 它不能正常移动，感觉被卡住了。 没有人确切地知道为什么抽筋会发生，但如果你休息疼痛的部分，抽筋就会发生。 揉搓也有帮助。

Why do I breathe? You pull air into your body when you breathe. And air is something your body cannot do without, even for just a few minutes. This is because air has a gas called oxygen in it, and your body needs oxygen to live and grow. When you breathe in, air goes down your windpipe to your lungs. These are like big sponges which hold air instead of water. If you fold your arms across your chest and breathe in, you'll feel your lungs getting bigger as they fill up with air. What makes me hiccup? There's a big muscle below your lungs which helps you to breathe. It's called your diaphragm muscle. You hiccup when something makes this muscle pull down really hard, drawing lots of air into your lungs. To stop too much air rushing in, a flap at the top of your windpipe clamps down. This closes off the air flow so quickly that your whole body jerks. What makes me sneeze? If dust or germs get into your nose, your body makes you sneeze to get rid of them. Your lungs shoot air out, clearing your nose. When you sneeze, air rushes down your nose at over 160 kilometres per hour!

我为什么要呼吸？当你呼吸时，你把空气吸入你的身体。 空气是你的身体离不开的东西，即使只有几分钟。 这是因为空气中含有一种叫做氧气的气体，而你的身体需要氧气来生存和生长。 当你吸气时，空气通过气管进入肺部。 它们就像大海绵，储存空气而不是水。 如果你把双臂交叉在胸前吸气，你会觉得你的肺越来越大，因为它们充满了空气。 什么会让我打嗝？肺下面有一块大肌肉帮助你呼吸。 它叫做横膈膜肌。 当有东西使这块肌肉用力向下拉，将大量空气吸入肺部时，你就会打嗝。 为了阻止过多的空气涌入，你的气管顶部会有一个襟翼夹紧。 这会迅速阻断空气流动，使你的整个身体抽搐。 什么让我打喷嚏？如果灰尘或细菌进入你的鼻子，你的身体会让你打喷嚏来清除它们。 你的肺喷出空气，清理你的鼻子。 当你打喷嚏时，空气以每小时160公里的速度从你的鼻子里冲出来！