8 Volcanoes

VOLCANOES

火山

Exploding Earth. There are thousands of volcanoes around the world. Some spray red-hot melted rock called lava. Others blast out clouds of ash. This is Mount Etna on Sicily shooting out lava.

地球爆炸。世界上有成千上万的火山。 有些喷出炽热的融化岩石，称为熔岩。 其他火山喷发出火山灰云。 这是西西里岛上的埃特纳火山喷出的熔岩。

A volcano forms. The Earth has an outer shell called the crust. Underneath this is a thick layer of hot rock called the mantle. The middle of the Earth is called the core. It is made of extremely hot metal.

火山形成了。地球有一个叫做地壳的外壳。 下面是一层厚厚的热岩石，叫做地幔。 地球的中间被称为地核。 它是由极热的金属制成的。

There are cracks in the crust. Hot rock melts and pushes up into the cracks. The melted rock builds up and bursts out as lava. This is called an eruption. The lava hardens into rock. Layers of lava build up after many eruptions. Volcanoes are named after Vulcan, the Roman god of fire.

地壳上有裂缝。 炙热的岩石融化后向上推入裂缝。 融化的岩石积聚起来，喷出熔岩。 这被称为火山喷发。 熔岩凝固成岩石。 经过多次喷发，熔岩层逐渐堆积起来。 火山是以罗马火神Vulcan的名字命名的。

Fiery fountains. Some lava is runny, so gas inside it bubbles out easily. This creates gentle eruptions. This is Piton de la Fournaise, on the island of Réunion. Runny lava sprays out of it like a fountain.

激烈的喷泉。有些熔岩是流动的，所以里面的气体很容易冒出来。 这会产生温和的喷发。 这是皮东·德·拉·福尔奈斯，在拉西乌恩岛上。 熔岩像喷泉一样喷涌而出。

Runny lava is like thin honey or hot wax. It gushes down the sides of the volcano. The lava spreads a long way before it cools and hardens. A volcano with gently sloping sides slowly builds up. The tallest lava fountain ever was five times higher than the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

流动的熔岩就像稀蜂蜜或热蜡。 它从火山两侧喷涌而下。 熔岩在冷却变硬之前扩散了很长一段路。 缓坡的火山慢慢形成。 有史以来最高的熔岩喷泉是巴黎埃菲尔铁塔的五倍高。