Changing designs

Music Changing Designs Written by Catherine Feitch Music

音乐 不断演变的设计 作者：凯瑟琳·费奇 音乐

What is design? Design is an important part of our lives. A designer starts with an idea and makes a plan, drawing a model to show how their idea will look and work. The design of things changes over time as fashions change, and designers learn more about how things work and discover new materials.

什么是设计？ 设计是我们生活中很重要的一部分。 设计师先产生想法，再制定计划， 画出模型来展示自己的想法是什么样、怎么运作。 物品的设计会随着潮流变化、时间推移不断改变， 同时设计师也会更了解物品的运作原理，还会发现新的材料。

A designer will ask lots of questions such as What will my design do? Who will use my design? What will my design look like? Plan for a clock

设计师会提出很多问题，比如： 我的设计有什么用途？ 谁会使用我的设计？ 我的设计会长什么样？ 时钟设计草图

Early clocks We've used clocks since sundials were invented around 2000 BC. However, sundials weren't very accurate as the marks on the dial were often incorrect. The shadow edges were blurred and sundials only worked when it was sunny. Sundials are clocks that use the position of the sun to show the time. The sun shines on the pointer which casts a shadow on the dial. Pointer, Dial, Shadow

早期的时钟 大约公元前2000年日晷发明后，人们就开始使用时钟了。 不过日晷不太准确，因为表盘上的刻度经常有误差。 影子的边缘模模糊糊的，而且日晷只有晴天才能使用。 日晷是利用太阳的位置来显示时间的时钟。 太阳照在指针上，指针会在表盘上投下影子。 指针、表盘、影子

The first accurate clock was designed by Christian Hagens in 1656. Hagens' clock was the first to be worked by a pendulum, which swung under it. However, only wealthy people could afford to keep these long -case clocks. Did you know long -case clocks were later called grandfather clocks? This name came from a song about a long -case clock written by Henry Work in 1876 called My Grandfather's Clock. Clock Face Cabinet Pendulum The first accurate clock was designed by Christian Hagens in 1656. Hagens' clock was the first to be worked by a pendulum, which swung under it. However, only wealthy people could afford to keep these long -case clocks.

第一台精准的时钟是克里斯蒂安·惠更斯在1656年设计的。惠更斯的时钟是第一台靠下方摆动的钟摆运作的时钟，不过只有有钱人才能买得起这种落地长钟。 你知道吗？落地长钟后来也叫老爷钟，这个名字来自亨利·沃克1876年创作的一首关于落地长钟的歌，歌名是《我爷爷的钟》。 钟面、钟柜、钟摆 第一台精准的时钟是克里斯蒂安·惠更斯在1656年设计的。惠更斯的时钟是第一台靠下方摆动的钟摆运作的时钟，不过只有有钱人才能买得起这种落地长钟。

Clocks today. It wasn't until scientists learnt about a new material that vast improvements in clock design were made. In 1927, Warren Marison had the idea of using a material called quartz crystal in a clock. When electricity from a battery is passed through the quartz, the quartz starts changing shape and vibrating. These tiny movements power the clock and are more accurate than the big swings of a pendulum. Quartz crystals are still used in clocks and watches today. A quartz clock from 1967.

现在的时钟：直到科学家发现了一种新材料，时钟的设计才有了巨大的进步。 1927年，沃伦·马里森想到可以把一种叫做石英晶体的材料用到时钟里。 当电池的电流通过石英时，石英就会发生形变、产生振动。 这些微小的振动能给时钟提供动力，比钟摆的大幅摆动精准得多。 现在的时钟和手表里依然在使用石英晶体。 1967年的石英钟