Building High

Building High. Written by Maggie Freeman. Illustrated by Pat Murray.

《往高处建造》 作者：玛吉·弗里曼 绘者：帕特·默里

Building high In a city, we see tall buildings all around us. People have built high for thousands of years. At first, they didn't know the best way to do it.

往高处建 城市里，我们周围随处可见高楼 。人类建造高层建筑已经有几千年的历史了。一开始，他们不知道最 合适的建造方法。

Then and now, the Ancient Greeks. Build us a huge statue. Make it the tallest in the world. As tall as twenty people standing on each other's shoulders. How can I do that? Idea. In ancient Greece, the sculptor, Keres, was asked to build a tall statue. He decided that he had to make the statue in sections. He told his workers to build a big marble block and pile earth up to the top of it to make a hill. They dragged the heavy feet of the statue up the hill and put them in place. They kept adding more earth to make the hill higher so that they could climb up and fix on the legs, the body, the arms and the head. It took twelve years to finish the statue. Then the workers took all the earth away. It had been hard work building the colossus of roads. However, people soon found a better way to build tall structures.

过去与现在：古希腊人 给我们建一座巨型雕像吧。 要做成全世界最高的。 高度要抵得上二十个人叠罗汉那么高。 我要怎么做到呢？ 有办法啦！ 古希腊时期，雕刻家克雷斯接到命令要建造一座高大的雕像。 他决定把雕像分成几个部分来做。 他让工人们先做大理石底座，再在底座周围堆土堆成一座小山，高度和底座齐平。 工人们把沉重的雕像脚部拖上山，安装到合适的位置。 他们接着堆土把山堆得更高，这样就能爬上去安装雕像的腿、身体、胳膊和头。 完成这座雕像花了十二年的时间。 之后工人们把所有堆的土都移走。 建造这座罗德岛巨像的工作非常辛苦。 不过很快，人们就找到了更好的建造高大建筑的方法。

The Romans. The Romans were clever. They built grand buildings of marble and stone. They invented cranes to lift the heavy blocks of stone. People pulled the ropes to make the cranes work. The pantheon is one of Rome's greatest buildings. This carving shows a Roman crane. The Romans made scaffolding out of long pieces of wood tied together with rope. They propped up the scaffolding so that it couldn't fall over. They climbed up the scaffolding and used iron ties to fix the stones in place. This model shows how Romans used scaffolding.

古罗马人 古罗马人非常聪明。 他们用大理石和石头建造宏伟的建筑。 他们发明了起重机来吊起沉重的石块。 人们拉动绳索就能让起重机运作。 万神殿是罗马最伟大的建筑之一。 这幅雕刻展示的就是古罗马的起重机。 古罗马人用长木条加上绳子捆绑，做成脚手架。 他们把脚手架支撑牢固，防止它倒塌。 他们爬上脚手架，用铁扣把石块固定好。 这个模型展示了古罗马人是如何使用脚手架的。

The Middle Ages By the Middle Ages, builders were using mortar instead of iron ties to hold stones together. The scaffolding itself was still wooden. The builders climbed a ladder to the platform where they worked. They had cranes to lift heavy stones. These cranes were smaller than Roman cranes and were at the top of the building instead of on the ground. Tall cathedrals were built in the Middle Ages. The builders often built narrow spiral stairs and passages inside the stone walls so that they could climb up. Then they built scaffolding platforms outside to work on. The Middle Ages The Middle Ages

中世纪 到了中世纪，建筑工人用灰浆代替铁扣来固定石块。 那时候的脚手架还是木制的。 建筑工人们爬梯子到工作平台上干活。 他们也有起重机来吊沉重的石块。 这些起重机比古罗马的要小，而且安装在建筑顶部，不是放在地面上。 很多高大的教堂都是中世纪建造的。 建筑工人经常在石墙内部建狭窄的螺旋楼梯和通道，方便他们攀爬。 之后他们再在建筑外面搭建脚手架平台来施工。 中世纪 中世纪

The 20th Century and Today By the 1900s, builders in Britain were running out of trees for making wooden scaffolding. They began to use metal scaffolding instead. Hollow metal tubes with clips to join them together. This scaffolder is joining two metal tubes together. Because the pieces of scaffolding are so simple, they can be put together to fit any building. Metal scaffolding is still used in many countries today.

20世纪至今 到了20世纪初，英国的建筑工人快要用完做木制脚手架的树木了。 他们开始改用金属脚手架，用卡扣把空心金属管连接 起来。 这位脚手架工人正在连接两根金属管。因为脚手架的零件 非常简单，可以组装成适配任何建筑的样式。金属脚手架如今 仍在很多国家使用。