78 Now We're Cooking!-Mid

Now We're Cooking! FOCUS Question How do energy resources used for cooking affect the environment?

现在我们在做饭!用于烹饪的能源是如何影响环境的?

Let's Get Cooking! People have been cooking for thousands of years, Cooking changes the taste, texture, and nutritional content of food. It can also make food safer to eat by killing bacteria. Some cooked food lasts longer or is easier to digest. When people cook, they can combine different ingredients easily. They create delicious new flavors. To cook food means to heat it, which requires energy. For most of human history, there was only one way to cook— using fire. And there was one main natural resource— wood. Now there are many different cooking methods that require different types of energy resources. Each one impacts the environment.

让我们做饭吧!人们已经烹饪了几千年，烹饪改变了食物的味道、质地和营养成分。 它还可以杀死细菌，使食物更安全。 有些熟食保存时间更长或更容易消化。 当人们做饭时，他们可以很容易地将不同的食材组合在一起。 它们创造了美味的新口味。 烹饪食物意味着加热，这需要能量。 在人类历史的大部分时间里，只有一种烹饪方法——用火。 有一种主要的自然资源——木材。 现在有许多不同的烹饪方法需要不同类型的能源。 每一种都对环境产生影响。

Cooking with Electricity Think about the food you eat. How is it cooked? Your home or school may have an electric stove or oven. It may have a toaster or microwave oven. These appliances run on electricity— energy created by moving charged particles. People make electricity from nonrenewable resources. These resources cannot be replaced after they are used. They include fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil. Nonrenewable resources also include the uranium used to produce nuclear energy. People also make electricity from renewable resources. These resources include sunlight, wind, and moving water. They never run out. Safety! Be very careful when you cook. Food, pans, utensils, and appliances can become extremely hot and burn you. Never light a fire or cook without an adult.

想想你吃的食物。 它是怎么做的?你的家或学校可能有电炉或烤箱。 它可能有一个烤面包机或微波炉。 这些设备依靠电力运行——由移动带电粒子产生的能量。 人们用不可再生资源发电。 这些资源在使用后不能被替换。 它们包括化石燃料，如天然气、煤和石油。 不可再生资源还包括用于生产核能的铀。 人们也用可再生资源发电。 这些资源包括阳光、风和流动的水。 它们永远用不完。安全!你做饭的时候要非常小心。 食物、平底锅、器皿和电器都可能变得非常热并烧伤你。 不要在没有大人陪同的情况下生火或做饭。

Nonrenewable resources have a lot of drawbacks. Getting and using them destroys natural habitats. It harms and kills living things. Burning fossil fuels pollutes the air. It gives off gases that cause global warming and make people sick. Producing nuclear energy leaves behind dangerous waste products. Renewable resources cause much less harm to the environment. People build dams across rivers to produce electricity. Fan-shaped machines called turbines make energy from wind. Solar panels use sunlight to make electricity. Using water, wind, and sunlight doesn't give off any air pollution. However, building dams, wind turbines, and solar panels can change the land and water. These changes can harm living things and their habitats.

不可再生资源有很多缺点。 获取和使用它们会破坏自然栖息地。 它伤害和杀死生物。 燃烧化石燃料污染空气。 它释放的气体会导致全球变暖，让人生病。 生产核能会留下危险的废物。 可再生资源对环境的危害要小得多。 人们在河流上筑坝发电。 被称为涡轮机的扇形机器利用风能发电。 太阳能板利用阳光发电。 使用水、风和阳光不会产生任何空气污染。 然而，修建大坝、风力涡轮机和太阳能电池板会改变土地和水。 这些变化会损害生物及其栖息地。

Cooking with Gas Many stoves, ovens, and grills cook food by burning gas. Natural gas is mostly methane, but it also contains other gases such as propane and butane, which are removed and used separately. Most outdoor grills use propane from a tank. Some camping stoves use a mix of propane and butane from a can. About half the homes in the United States use natural gas for cooking or heating. In cities, underground pipelines transport natural gas to homes and businesses. Rural areas don't have gas pipelines. In these areas, people use liquid propane stored in large tanks. When the liquid is released, it becomes gas for burning.

许多炉子、烤箱和烤架通过燃烧煤气来烹饪食物。 天然气主要是甲烷，但它也含有其他气体，如丙烷和丁烷，这些气体被去除并单独使用。 大多数户外烤架使用的是从油箱里取出的丙烷。 一些野营炉使用罐装丙烷和丁烷的混合物。 在美国，大约一半的家庭使用天然气做饭或取暖。 在城市中，地下管道将天然气输送到家庭和企业。 农村地区没有天然气管道。 在这些地区，人们使用储存在大罐中的液态丙烷。 当液体被释放出来时，它就变成了用于燃烧的气体。

Natural gas is a nonrenewable resource. It can't be replaced once it's used up. Burning this fossil fuel gives off carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. It produces less air pollution than burning coal or oil, but getting and using natural gas still harms the environment. People find natural gas trapped in rocks under dry land and oceans. They drill deep holes in the ground called wells through which the gas can flow to the surface. Drilling destroys habitats and pollutes water. Sometimes people use fracking to help gas flow through wells. They force water, sand, and chemicals into wells to crack rocks and release the gas trapped inside. Fracking causes air and water pollution, which harm people and other living things. Word Wise Fracking is short for "fracturing" or "hydraulic fracturing." It refers to the cracking of rocks that occurs during the process.

天然气是不可再生资源。 一旦用完就不能换了。 燃烧这种化石燃料会释放二氧化碳，这是一种导致全球变暖的温室气体。 它产生的空气污染比燃烧煤或石油要少，但开采和使用天然气仍然对环境有害。 人们在陆地和海洋下的岩石中发现了天然气。 他们在地面上钻深洞，称为井，通过这些井，气体可以流到地表。 钻井破坏栖息地，污染水源。 有时人们使用水力压裂法来帮助气体从井中流动。 他们将水、沙子和化学物质注入井中，使岩石破裂，释放出困在井里的气体。 水力压裂法会造成空气和水污染，危害人类和其他生物。 Word Wise Fracking是“压裂”或“水力压裂”的简称。 它指的是在这个过程中发生的岩石开裂。