98 Making Music-Mid

Making Music FOCUS Question How do different musical instruments produce sound?

不同的乐器是如何发出声音的?

Make Some Vibrations Strike a cymbal. Blow a trumpet. Playing an instrument makes a part of it vibrate, or move back and forth. The vibrations travel through the air and into our ears. We hear sound. When a group of sounds go well together, our brain interprets them as music. Music is a collection of sounds played in a rhythm (RI-thum)—a regular pattern that repeats. All instruments can make music, but they make it in different ways.

敲铙钹制造一些震动。 吹个小号。演奏一种乐器使它的一部分振动，或前后移动。 振动通过空气进入我们的耳朵。 我们听到声音。当一组声音和谐地结合在一起时，我们的大脑就会把它们理解为音乐。 音乐是一种有节奏(RI-thum)的声音的集合，这是一种有规律的重复模式。 所有的乐器都能演奏音乐，但它们的演奏方式不同。

Bang the Drums Players strike percussion (pur-KUH-shun) instruments to make sound. Most drums only play one note, or pitch. They are used to keep a steady beat. When you hit the drum the drumhead vibrates. Large drumheads vibrate slowly and have a lower pitch. Smaller drumheads vibrate faster and have a higher pitch. You can raise the volume of the drum by hitting it harder. BOOM! Cymbals are also percussion instruments. Strike the metal cymbal with a drumstick to make it vibrate. CRASH Xylophones (ZY-lo-fones) are percussion instruments. that can play tunes. They have metal or wooden bars of different sizes. Each bar plays a different note when you hit it.

击鼓演奏者敲击打击乐乐器来发出声音。 大多数鼓只演奏一个音符或音调。 它们被用来保持稳定的节拍。 当你击鼓时，鼓面会振动。 大鼓振动缓慢，音调较低。 较小的鼓面振动更快，音调更高。 你可以通过更用力地敲打鼓来提高鼓的音量。 繁荣!铙钹也是打击乐器。 用鸡腿敲击金属钹使其振动。 木琴(ZY-lo-fones)是打击乐器。 可以演奏曲调。它们有不同大小的金属或木条。 当你敲击它的时候，每个小节都会播放不同的音符。

The Sound of Woodwinds Woodwind instruments have hollow tubes. Flutes have a hole at one end of the tube that you blow air across. This air vibrates and makes sound To change the pitch, cover other holes on the side of the flute. Cover all the holes. The sound travels down the whole tube. Sound that moves down a long column of air has a lower pitch. Cover only the hole closest to your mouth Now the air only goes a short distance before it leaves the flute. This sound has a high pitch.

木管乐器的声音木管乐器有空心管。 笛子在管子的一端有一个孔，你可以把空气吹过。 这种空气振动并发出声音来改变音调，盖住笛子一侧的其他孔。 把所有的洞都盖上。声音在整个管道中传播。 在长气柱中传播的声音音调较低。 只堵住离你嘴最近的洞现在空气在离开笛子之前只走了一小段距离。 这个声音音调很高。

Clarinets are also woodwind instruments. They have a mouthpiece that holds a single reed—a small, flat piece of wood. When you blow into the clarinet the reed vibrates against the mouthpiece to make sound. An oboe has two reeds. The reeds vibrate together to make sound. You use keys on woodwinds to open and close the holes along the tube. This makes the pitch higher or lower.

单簧管也是木管乐器。 它们有一个插着一根芦苇(一种小而平的木头)的吹口。 当你吹单簧管时，簧片在吹口上振动以发出声音。 双簧管有两个簧片。芦苇一起振动发出声音。 你用木管上的钥匙沿着管子打开和关闭孔。 这会使音高升高或降低。

Pucker Up for Brass Make your lips tight and blow. In brass instruments, your lips vibrate against a metal mouthpiece. This vibration moves through a long metal pipe and makes sound. The pipe is coiled to make it easier to hold. The end is shaped like a bell, which makes the sound louder. The pitch depends on the length and shape of the pipe. Bugles are simple brass instruments. To change the pitch, tighten or loosen your lips. This changes the speed of the vibrations. In trumpets, trombones, and other brass instruments, you push valves or move a slide to close off sections of the pipe. Opening and closing sections of the instrument changes the pitch.

噘起你的嘴唇，吹气。 在铜管乐器中，你的嘴唇对着金属吹口振动。 这种振动通过一根长长的金属管并发出声音。 管子是卷起来的，以便于握着。 尾部呈钟形，使声音更大。 音高取决于管子的长度和形状。 军号是简单的铜管乐器。 要改变音调，收紧或放松你的嘴唇。 这改变了振动的速度。 在小号、长号和其他铜管乐器中，通过推动阀门或移动滑块来关闭部分管道。 打开和关闭部分的乐器改变音高。