90 Get Warm, Stay Warm!-Mid

Get Warm, Stay Warm! FOCUS Question How can we control heat energy to get warm and stay warm during cold weather?

保暖，保暖!我们如何在寒冷的天气里控制热量来取暖和保暖?

Brrr! Have you ever taken your temperature? It was probably around 37 degrees Celsius (98.6°F). This is the temperature at which your organs, muscles, and cells are healthiest and most active. The temperature outside is usually much lower than 37°C. Your body keeps warm by making its own heat using energy from food. When it's warm outside, this body heat is enough to keep you warm. But when the outside temperature drops, you need other ways to get warm and stay warm. You can do this by controlling heat energy. Do You Know? Heat is a form of energy. All objects are made of tiny particles that are too small to see. The vibration or motion of the particles is heat. In a cold object, the particles move slowly. As you heat the object its particles move more quickly.

呵!你量过体温吗? 当时的温度可能在37摄氏度(98.6华氏度)左右。 这是你的器官、肌肉和细胞最健康、最活跃的温度。 室外温度通常远低于37°C。 你的身体通过利用食物中的能量产生热量来保暖。 当外面暖和的时候，身体的热量足以让你保持温暖。 但当室外温度下降时，你需要其他方法来取暖和保暖。 你可以通过控制热能来做到这一点。 你知道吗?热是能量的一种形式。 所有物体都是由小到看不见的微粒构成的。 粒子的振动或运动就是热。 在冷的物体中，粒子运动缓慢。 当你加热物体时，它的粒子移动得更快。

How Heat Moves You can stay warm by keeping heat near your body. Heat moves in three different ways: Conduction occurs when heat moves from one object directly to another. If you leave a spoon in a cup of hot cocoa. the hot liquid makes the handle of the spoon get hot. Convection occurs when liquids or gases move around. carrying heat with them. The movement of the hot air or liquid heats the space around it. Radiation occurs when energy travels in waves. It does not need to pass through any material. You can use all three ways to move heat and keep yourself warm.

热量是如何移动的你可以通过在身体附近保温来保暖。 热以三种不同的方式传递:当热从一个物体直接传递到另一个物体时，就发生了传导。 如果你把勺子放在一杯热可可里。 热的液体使勺柄变热。 当液体或气体四处流动时，就会发生对流。 携带热量。热空气或热液体的运动加热了周围的空间。 当能量以波的形式传播时，就会发生辐射。 它不需要穿过任何物质。 你可以使用这三种方法来转移热量，让自己暖和起来。

A Warm Home Have you ever sat by a fire? It can be very cozy For thousands of years, fire was the only way to heat a home. People around the world still rely upon fire to generate heat. Fire heats a room through radiation and convection. The heat you feel directly from the fire is radiation. Fire also heats the air around it. The air near the fire becomes warm, rises, and is replaced with cool air. The movement of warm air through the room is due to convection. In this wood-burning stove the thick metal warms up through conduction and stores heat. The hot stove releases heat for hours after the fire is out due to convection.

温暖的家你曾经坐在火炉旁吗? 几千年来，火是唯一给房子供暖的方法。 世界各地的人们仍然依靠火来产生热量。 火通过辐射和对流使房间升温。 你直接从火中感受到的热量就是辐射。 火也能加热周围的空气。 火附近的空气变暖，上升，并被冷空气取代。 暖空气通过房间的运动是由于对流。 在这个烧木头的炉子里，厚厚的金属通过传导而升温并储存热量。 在火熄灭后，由于对流，热炉还能释放数小时的热量。

Today most homes use a furnace to keep warm. Furnaces make heat in many ways. Some burn liquid fuel, such as oil or gas. Some burn wood or coal. Others use electricity. A furnace uses convection to move heat through an entire building. Some furnaces use a fan to blow hot air into each room. Others pump hot water or steam from room to room through pipes. The hot pipes warm the air, and the heat spreads due to convection. Technology A space heater warms just one room. It passes electricity through special minerals, which heat up. Some of these devices have a fan to spread the heat throughout a room.

今天大多数家庭都用火炉取暖。 火炉以多种方式产生热量。 有些燃烧液体燃料，如石油或天然气。 有些人烧木头或煤。其他人使用电力。 炉子利用对流在整栋建筑中传递热量。 有些炉子用风扇把热空气吹进每个房间。 其他人则通过管道将热水或蒸汽从一个房间泵到另一个房间。 热管道加热空气，热量通过对流传播。 一个空间加热器只能给一个房间供暖。 它通过特殊的矿物传递电流，从而加热。 其中一些设备有一个风扇，将热量扩散到整个房间。

A Warm Body Sooner or later, you have to leave your warm home. You can control heat energy in many ways to help keep your body warm. Exercise can increase your body's temperature from the inside. Warm food and drinks can also help keep you toasty. On very cold days, you lose heat faster than your body can make it. To keep your body warm, you can insulate it, or keep the warmth from escaping. Clothing traps heat inside your body. It holds layers of warm air close to your skin. Thick fluffy materials such as fleece and wool trap more warm air than thin materials such as cotton.

温暖的身体你迟早要离开你温暖的家。 你可以通过多种方式控制热能来帮助你保持身体温暖。 运动可以从内部提高体温。 温暖的食物和饮料也能让你保持温暖。 在非常寒冷的日子里，你失去热量的速度比你身体吸收热量的速度要快。 为了保持身体温暖，你可以把它隔离起来，或者防止热量散失。 衣服会把热量锁在体内。 它能让层层暖空气靠近你的皮肤。 厚的蓬松的材料，如羊毛和羊毛比薄的材料，如棉花能捕获更多的暖空气。