87 Heat Energy-High

Heat Energy Written by Felicia Brown

Felicia Brown著

Introduction Whether we stand next to a blazing bonfire, step barefoot across a sun-baked parking lot, or watch a pot of soup boil or an ice cube melt, we are experiencing the effects of heat energy. There are many kinds of energy in addition to heat energy. Sound energy and electrical energy are two kinds. Light energy and chemical energy are two others. But heat energy is one form of energy we experience every moment of our lives. We use it to warm our bodies, cook our food, heat our houses, dry our clothes, and run our cars. In this book, you will learn about heat energy. You'll learn how it is produced, used, and measured, as well as how it moves from place to place.

无论我们是站在熊熊燃烧的篝火旁，还是赤脚走过阳光炙烤的停车场，还是看着一锅汤沸腾或冰块融化，我们都在经历热能的影响。 除了热能外，还有很多种能源。 声能和电能是两种。 光能和化学能是另外两种。 但热能是我们生活中每时每刻都能体验到的一种能量。 我们用它来温暖我们的身体，烹饪我们的食物，为我们的房子供暖，晾干我们的衣服，和运行我们的汽车。 在这本书中，你将学习热能。 您将了解它是如何生产、使用和测量的，以及它是如何从一个地方移动到另一个地方的。

Sources of Heat Energy You know that heat is useful. But did you ever take time to think about all the sources of heat energy? One of the easiest ways to produce heat is to rub your hands together very fast. The rubbing of two objects together produces friction. Rubbing rough objects together usually produces more friction than rubbing smooth objects together. More friction produces more heat.

热能的来源你知道热是有用的。 但你有没有花时间思考过所有的热能来源? 产生热量最简单的方法之一就是快速搓手。 两个物体相互摩擦产生摩擦。 摩擦粗糙的物体通常比摩擦光滑的物体产生更大的摩擦。 更多的摩擦产生更多的热量。

One of the most common sources of heat is fuel. When fuels such as coal, gasoline, and wood burn, they make heat energy. A forest of trees produces huge amounts of heat energy when it burns during a forest fire. Heat from burning gasoline makes cars and trucks run. Electricity is another source of heat energy. Electric furnaces heat our homes and schools. Toasters, irons, and hair dryers are just a few other things that use electricity to produce heat.

最常见的热源之一是燃料。 当煤、汽油和木材等燃料燃烧时，它们会产生热能。 森林火灾时，树木燃烧时会产生巨大的热能。 汽油燃烧产生的热量使汽车和卡车行驶。 电是热能的另一种来源。 电炉为我们的家庭和学校供暖。 烤面包机、熨斗和吹风机只是其他一些用电产生热量的东西。

There are also natural sources of heat energy. For example, lightning is a natural form of heat (and light) energy. It produces tremendous amounts of heat, which makes air expand very fast. This expanding air causes thunder. And did you know that Earth has its own heat buried deep underground, called geothermal heat? It's so hot under Earth's crust that rocks melt. Sometimes the molten rock erupts on the surface from a volcano. In other places, the molten rock stays underground and heats water trapped there. The heated water later shoots out of the ground as a geyser.

还有天然的热能。 例如，闪电是热能(和光能)的一种自然形式。 它产生大量的热量，使空气迅速膨胀。 这种膨胀的空气引起雷声。 你知道地球有自己的热量埋藏在地下深处，叫做地热吗? 地壳下面太热了，岩石都融化了。 有时熔岩从火山表面喷发出来。 在其他地方，熔岩留在地下，加热困在那里的水。 加热后的水从地下喷出，形成间歇泉。

Our most important source of heat is the Sun. Have you ever stepped from the shade into sunlight and felt warmer? You may think that heat travels from the Sun to Earth, but it doesn't. Sunlight is radiant energy. Radiant energy travels to Earth in waves of tiny particles. When sunlight hits your skin or other things on Earth, it gets absorbed. Then it turns into heat. Your microwave uses another kind of radiant energy to cook your food.

我们最重要的热源是太阳。 你是否曾经从阴凉处走到阳光下，感到更温暖? 你可能认为热量是从太阳传到地球的，但事实并非如此。 阳光是辐射能。 辐射能以微小粒子波的形式传播到地球。 当阳光照射到你的皮肤或地球上的其他物体时，它会被吸收。 然后它变成热。你的微波炉使用另一种辐射能来烹饪食物。