75 Moon Rocks-Mid

Moon Rocks FOCUS Question How do rocks on the Moon compare with rocks on Earth?

月球岩石焦点问题月球上的岩石与地球上的岩石相比如何?

Visiting the Moon In 1961, John F. Kennedy, the president of the United States, said we should send a spaceship to the Moon. This led to NASA's Apollo Program. Many of the missions carried astronauts into space. Six of those missions took astronauts to the surface of the Moon! The Moon is very different from Earth. There are no green prairies, tall forests, or deep oceans. There are no blue skies or clouds. The Moon does not have air. There is very little water, just a small amount of ice. The Moon has no plants or animals. Wowser! Without wind or water, there is no soil erosion on the Moon. A footprint in the dust might last millions of years!

1961年，约翰? 美国总统肯尼迪说，我们应该把宇宙飞船送上月球。 这导致了美国宇航局的阿波罗计划。 许多任务将宇航员送入太空。 其中六次任务将宇航员带到了月球表面!月球和地球非常不同。 没有绿色的大草原，没有高大的森林，也没有深邃的海洋。 没有蓝天白云。 月球上没有空气。 水很少，只有少量的冰。 月球上没有植物和动物。 老古板!没有风和水，月球上就没有水土流失。 尘土中的一个脚印可能会存在数百万年!

The Moon's Landforms The Moon has hills and tall mountains. The tall mountains are called highlands. It has low valleys and flat plains. The Moon's surface also has wide, smooth areas of volcanic rock. From Earth, they look like seas of dark water. Each of these areas is called a mare (MAH-ray). The word mare is Latin for "sea." The Moon's maria (MAH-ree-uh plural for mare) were once thought to be bodies of water. There are pits called craters (KRAY-turz) on the Moon. Meteorites hitting the surface of a planet or a moon cause craters. Because the Moon has no atmosphere to stop them, meteorites hit its surface.

月球的地貌月球上有小山和高山。 高山被称为高地。 它有低矮的山谷和平坦的平原。 月球表面也有宽阔光滑的火山岩区域。 从地球上看，它们就像黑水的海洋。 这些区域中的每一个都被称为mare (mah射线)。 mare在拉丁语中是“海”的意思。 月球的玛利亚(mare的复数)曾被认为是水体。 月球上有陨石坑(KRAY-turz)。 陨石撞击行星或月球表面会形成陨石坑。 因为月球没有大气层来阻止它们，陨石就会撞击月球表面。

Moon Glass and Dust The force of a meteorite's impact (the moment when it hits the ground) makes a lot of heat and pressure. Sometimes the heat and pressure melt rock and dust to make impact breccias (BREH-chee-uhz). An impact breccia is a rock made from different kinds of rock pieces that melt together. These impact breccias help scientists learn how fast and hard the meteorite struck the Moon's surface. If you stepped onto the Moon, you would not find soil. You would find gray dust and rocks called regolith (REG-uh-lith). This is dust from meteorite impacts. The regolith is unlike Earth's soil. There is no material from living things in it.

陨石撞击的力量(当它撞击地面的那一刻)会产生大量的热量和压力。 有时热量和压力会融化岩石和灰尘，形成冲击角砾岩(BREH-chee-uhz)。 冲击角砾岩是一种由不同种类的岩石碎片融化在一起形成的岩石。 这些撞击角砾岩帮助科学家了解陨石撞击月球表面的速度和强度。 如果你踏上月球，你将找不到土壤。 你会发现灰色的灰尘和岩石，叫做风化层(REG-uh-lith)。 这是陨石撞击产生的尘埃。 风化层不同于地球上的土壤。 里面没有生物的物质。

More Moon Rocks Long ago, the Moon had magma deep underground. Lava flowed on the Moon's surface. That is why most Moon rocks are igneous, like rocks from Earth's volcanoes. Basalt (buh-SALT) on the Moon's surface is similar to basalt from some of Earth's volcanoes. Anorthosite (uh-NOR-thuh-site) is an igneous rock that is common in the Moon's highlands. Anorthosite is rare on Earth. The Moon has cooled over time. There are no longer volcanic eruptions or lava flows on its surface. There is no weathering because there is no wind or flowing water. So, the Moon has no rock cycle. The rocks do not change much over time.

很久以前，月球地下深处有岩浆。 熔岩在月球表面流动。 这就是为什么大多数月球岩石都是火成岩，就像地球上的火山岩石一样。 月球表面的玄武岩(buh-SALT)与地球上一些火山的玄武岩相似。 斜长岩(uh- nor - thh -site)是一种在月球高地上常见的火成岩。 斜长岩在地球上很罕见。 随着时间的推移，月球已经冷却。 它的表面不再有火山喷发或熔岩流。 没有风化作用，因为没有风和流动的水。 所以，月球没有岩石循环。 随着时间的推移，岩石不会发生太大变化。

Collecting Moon Rocks Apollo astronauts collected rocks on six different trips to the Moon in the 1960s and 1970s. They used scoops, tongs, drills, and rakes. to collect rocks They also used tubes to collect rocks from below the surface. Astronauts also collected rocks from craters. Impacts expose rocks that are below the surface. Impacts also blast deep rocks from the ground. They can be found on the surface around a crater. Math Moment Apollo astronauts collected 380 kilograms of Moon rocks. One kilogram is equal to 2.2 pounds. How many pounds of Moon rocks did the astronauts collect?

在20世纪60年代和70年代，阿波罗宇航员在六次不同的月球旅行中收集了岩石。 他们用了勺子、钳子、钻头和耙子。 他们还用管子从地表以下收集岩石。 宇航员还从火山口收集了岩石。 撞击暴露了地表以下的岩石。 撞击也会从地面炸出深层岩石。 它们可以在陨石坑周围的表面上找到。 阿波罗宇航员收集了380公斤月球岩石。 一公斤等于2.2磅。 宇航员们收集了多少磅月球岩石?