33 Sports Injuries-High

Sports Injuries FOCUS Question What are sports injuries, and how can you prevent them?

运动损伤焦点问题什么是运动损伤，如何预防运动损伤?

It Hurts! Playing sports, whether team sports or individual sports, sometimes means getting injured. People fall. They crash into things. They twist the wrong way. They get too hot or dehydrated. When someone has an injury, it hurts! Pain is the body's way of letting us know that something is wrong with our body. Kids ages five to fifteen are more likely to get sports injuries than adults. That's because adults' bodies are mostly done growing. But kids' bodies are still growing and changing. Do You Know? Of the 30 million kids who play sports in the U.S. each year, 3.5 million report having injuries.

这很伤我的心!参加体育运动，无论是集体运动还是个人运动，有时都意味着受伤。 人们下降。它们会撞到东西。 他们扭曲的方式是错误的。他们会变得太热或脱水。 当有人受伤时，就会很疼!疼痛是身体让我们知道身体出了问题的一种方式。 5到15岁的孩子比成年人更容易受到运动损伤。 这是因为成年人的身体基本上已经完成了生长。 但是孩子们的身体还在生长和变化。 你知道吗?在美国3000万参加体育运动的孩子中 每年有350万人受伤。

Kids and Sports Injuries One way kids are different from adults is that their heads are heavier compared to their bodies. Because of this difference, neck injuries are more likely in children. Also kids are not fully grown, so their muscles may not be strong enough to protect their ankles, knees, and other joints. Their bones may break more easily. Kids also have less developed coordination and balance, so they fall more often than adults. They have slower reflexes, too. Kids may also not fully understand the risks. Some injuries, like bruises and scrapes, heal quickly. More serious injuries take longer to heal.

儿童与运动损伤儿童与成年人的一个不同之处在于，他们的头比身体重。 由于这种差异，儿童颈部受伤的可能性更大。 此外，孩子们还没有完全长大，所以他们的肌肉可能不够强壮，无法保护他们的脚踝、膝盖和其他关节。 他们的骨头可能更容易折断。 儿童的协调性和平衡性也不太发达，所以他们比成年人更容易摔倒。 他们的反应也比较慢。 孩子们可能也没有完全理解其中的风险。 有些伤口，如擦伤和擦伤，愈合得很快。 更严重的伤需要更长的时间才能痊愈。

Strains and Sprains Some injuries can take weeks or months to heal. Strains result from tearing tendons, the tissues that connect muscles to bones. Sprains result from tearing ligaments, the tissues that connect bones together. For example, ligaments hold the bones in the knee together. When strains and sprains occur, the body pushes blood and nutrients to the injured area to aid healing. This causes swelling and more pain. Ice and some medicines decrease swelling. This may reduce the pain, but it does not aid healing. These injuries heal over time with a lot of rest. Some athletes have surgery to repair torn ligaments sooner. Do You Know? Baseball pitchers often suffer ligament damage to elbows and shoulders from repeatedly throwing a ball.

拉伤和扭伤有些伤口需要几周或几个月才能愈合。 肌腱是连接肌肉和骨骼的组织。 扭伤是由于韧带撕裂造成的，韧带是连接骨头的组织。 例如，韧带将膝盖的骨头连接在一起。 当拉伤和扭伤发生时，身体会将血液和营养物质输送到受伤的部位，以帮助愈合。 这会引起肿胀和疼痛。 冰和一些药物可以消肿。 这可能会减轻疼痛，但对愈合没有帮助。 这些损伤需要长时间的休息才能愈合。 一些运动员通过手术更快地修复撕裂的韧带。 你知道吗?棒球投手经常因为反复投球而导致肘部和肩部韧带损伤。

Fractures Athletes can break, or fracture, bones by falling wrong or crashing into something. Sometimes, playing sports can cause a stress fracture. This kind of injury happens when a bone is hit, bent, or used again and again. It is similar to bending a wire back and forth until it breaks. Stress fractures are common in sports in which athletes run or jump, including volleyball, basketball, and gymnastics. To heal a fracture, athletes wear a cast to keep a broken bone from moving. In children, bones usually heal quickly. But kids' bones are still growing. Doctors take special care to make sure a fracture in a growing bone heals properly and doesn't cause permanent damage.

运动员可能因跌倒不当或撞到什么东西而骨折。 有时，运动也会导致应力性骨折。 当骨头被撞击、弯曲或反复使用时，就会发生这种损伤。 这类似于来回弯曲金属丝，直到它断裂。 应力性骨折在运动员跑步或跳跃的运动中很常见，包括排球、篮球和体操。 为了治疗骨折，运动员会戴上石膏以防止骨折移动。 儿童的骨骼通常愈合得很快。 但是孩子们的骨头还在生长。 医生会特别小心，以确保生长中的骨头骨折能正常愈合，不会造成永久性损伤。

Concussion A concussion is an injury to the brain. When the head is hit, the brain can be injured as it bounces around inside the skull. The person may feel the pain of the hit and have a headache. They may have trouble talking and appear dazed or confused. They may be dizzy, have ringing in the ears, and not be able to remember things. Sometimes a concussion will cause a person to pass out, or become unconscious. Concussions can have a lasting effect on how the brain functions.

脑震荡是对大脑的一种损伤。 当头部被击中时，大脑会在头骨内反弹而受伤。 这个人可能会感到被击中的疼痛并头痛。 他们可能说话有困难，看起来茫然或困惑。 他们可能会头晕，耳鸣，不记得事情。 有时脑震荡会导致人昏倒或失去意识。 脑震荡会对大脑功能产生持久的影响。