101 Solids, Liquids, and Gases-Low

Solids, Liquids, and Gases Written by Charles and Natalie Barman

《固体、液体和气体》查尔斯和娜塔莉·巴曼著

Introduction Look around you. What do you see? Look at the book you are reading. Does it have a certain shape? What about the air you breathe? Can you feel it, smell it, or taste it, What about water from a drinking fountain? Can you see it and feel it? Does it have a certain size or shape?

看看你周围。 你看到了什么?看看你正在读的书。 它有特定的形状吗? 你呼吸的空气呢? 你能感觉到它，闻到它，或者尝到它吗?饮水机里的水呢? 你能看到它，感觉到它吗? 它有一定的大小或形状吗?

Your world is made of many objects and substances. Each has its own properties. These properties may include color, size, temperature, a certain shape, or being able to change shape easily. An object might feel rough or smooth, soft or hard, wet or dry. In this book, you will learn about the objects and substances all around you. You will also learn how these substances change.

你们的世界是由许多物体和物质组成的。 每一种都有自己的特性。 这些属性可能包括颜色、大小、温度、某种形状或能够轻松改变形状。 一个物体可能摸起来粗糙或光滑，软或硬，湿或干。 在这本书中，你将了解你周围的物体和物质。 你还将了解这些物质是如何变化的。

Matter The things around you that take up space are known as matter. Your desk, the milk you drink, and the air inside a basketball are matter. They all take up space. A grain of sand is a small bit of matter. It takes up a small amount of space. The water in a swimming pool takes up a lot of space.

你周围占据空间的东西被称为物质。 你的桌子，你喝的牛奶，篮球里的空气都是物质。 它们都占据了空间。一粒沙子是一小块物质。 它只占很小的空间。 游泳池里的水占了很大的空间。

Matter comes in three main forms. These forms are called the states of matter. Let's look at the picture of a fish tank. You can see gravel at the bottom of the tank. You can also see fish and decorations. These things each have a specific shape. Their shape stays the same when moved from place to place. They also take up a certain amount of space. Each of these things is a type of matter called a solid.

物质主要有三种形式。 这些形式被称为物质的状态。 让我们看一张鱼缸的图片。 你可以看到水箱底部有碎石。 你还可以看到鱼和装饰。 这些东西都有特定的形状。 当它们从一个地方移动到另一个地方时，它们的形状保持不变。 它们也会占用一定的空间。 这些物质都是一种叫做固体的物质。

The water that the fish swim in does not keep the same shape when poured or spilled. For example, if the water in the tank were poured into a large, round bowl, it would take the shape of the bowl. Water is a type of matter called a liquid. Liquids do not keep the same shape when moved from one container to another. They also cannot be squeezed into a smaller space.

鱼游泳的水在倾倒或溢出时不会保持相同的形状。 例如，如果把水箱里的水倒进一个大而圆的碗里，它就会呈碗的形状。 水是一种叫做液体的物质。 当液体从一个容器移动到另一个容器时，它的形状不会保持不变。 它们也不能被压缩到更小的空间里。