100 Animal Sounds-High

Animal Sounds FOCUS Question How do different animals make sounds?

动物的声音焦点问题不同的动物是如何发出声音的?

Talking and Singing Humans You probably spend a lot of time talking every day. Humans speak to communicate information. We also sing, both for fun and to entertain others. That's why we talk and sing, but did you ever wonder how we make sounds? Humans have special body parts to make these sounds. We use our larynx (LAIR-inks), or voice box, which contains two bands of tissue called vocal cords. As we exhale, the vocal cords vibrate, or move back and forth, and make sounds. Other animals also have special body parts for making sounds.

你可能每天都要花很多时间说话。 人类说话是为了交流信息。 我们也唱歌，既是为了娱乐，也是为了娱乐他人。 这就是我们说话和唱歌的原因，但你有没有想过我们是如何发声的? 人类有特殊的身体部位来发出这些声音。 我们使用我们的喉头(lair -ink)，或嗓子，它包含两条称为声带的组织带。 当我们呼气时，声带振动或前后移动，发出声音。 其他动物也有发出声音的特殊身体部位。

Singing Gibbons Gibbons are small apes that make loud, piercing calls. Gibbons sing to announce their home area, attract a mate, and communicate with their family. Gibbons' vocal cords are similar to those of humans. When the vocal cords vibrate, they move air molecules, which produces sound. Like opera singers with high voices, gibbons can change the shape of their mouth, tongue, and throat to make sounds that are very loud and high-pitched. They also use more force when they breathe out. You can hear the results in their famous ear-splitting calls. Do You Know? A gibbon's "song" can travel over a mile through jungles.

长臂猿是一种能发出响亮刺耳叫声的小型猿类。 长臂猿通过唱歌来宣布它们的栖息地，吸引配偶，并与家人交流。 长臂猿的声带与人类的相似。 当声带振动时，它们会移动空气分子，从而产生声音。 就像有高音的歌剧演员一样，长臂猿可以改变嘴巴、舌头和喉咙的形状来发出非常响亮和高音的声音。 他们在呼气时也会使用更多的力量。 你可以在它们著名的震耳欲聋的叫声中听到结果。 你知道吗?长臂猿的“歌声”可以在丛林中穿行一英里以上。

Purring Cats Purring is a common sound, but it's also a mystery. Scientists know how cats purr, but they're not sure why. Cats don't choose to purr— it's more like a twitch. Purring is caused by muscles that control the cat's vocal cords. The muscles contract, or get tighter, in rhythm. This quickly opens and closes the space between the vocal cords. With each breath, air hits the vibrating muscles and vocal cords. The purring sounds that result are created very fast— 25 to 150 times per second! To Purr or Not to Purr Not all cats can purr. House cats, bobcats, lynxes, and mountain lions can purr. Lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars can't. But they can roar! All cats have a hyoid bone at the base of the tongue. Smaller cats have a stiff hyoid bone. Most big cats have a bendable one, which may allow them to roar.

呼噜声是一种常见的声音，但它也是一个谜。 科学家们知道猫是如何发出呼噜声的，但他们不确定原因。 猫并没有选择发出呼噜声——它更像是抽动。 呼噜声是由控制猫声带的肌肉引起的。 肌肉有节奏地收缩或收紧。 这会迅速打开和关闭声带之间的空间。 每一次呼吸，空气都会撞击振动的肌肉和声带。 这种呼噜声产生的速度非常快——每秒25到150次!呜呜叫还是不呜呜叫不是所有的猫都会呜呜叫。 家猫、山猫、猞猁和美洲狮会发出呼噜声。 狮子、老虎、豹子和美洲虎不能。 但是他们可以咆哮!所有的猫在舌头底部都有舌骨。 较小的猫有坚硬的舌骨。 大多数大型猫科动物都有一个可弯曲的触角，这可以让它们咆哮。

Croaking Bullfrogs You're walking near a pond and hear a loud, deep gr-rum, gr-rum. That's the sound of an American bullfrog. Males croak to keep other males away and to attract mates. Females croak to let males know they're interested in them. Bullfrogs croak by forcing air out of their lungs through their larynx, which makes their vocal cords vibrate. The vibrating air molecules travel to a pouch of skin under the mouth, called the vocal sac, which makes the sounds louder. The large size of the vocal sac gives the air molecules lots of space to bounce around. Gr-rum! Gr-rum!

你正走在池塘边，听到一声响亮、低沉的“格-朗姆”声。 这是美国牛蛙的叫声。 雄性呱呱叫是为了赶走其他雄性，吸引配偶。 雌性呱呱叫是为了让雄性知道它们对它们感兴趣。 牛蛙通过喉头将空气挤出肺部，从而使声带振动，从而发出叫声。 振动的空气分子会进入口腔下的皮肤囊，这使声音更大。 大的声囊给了空气分子很大的空间来弹跳。 Gr-rum !Gr-rum !

Singing Birds Songbirds are known for their amazing melodies. They may sing to find a mate or to guard their home area. Their songs may also alert each other to a predator or food source. Instead of a larynx, songbirds have a two-sided syrinx (SERE-inks). Both sides have thin layers of tissue, called membranes, that vibrate when air moves over them. The vibrations cause air molecules to move, sending out sound waves. Because the syrinx has two sides, songbirds can produce two different sounds at the same time. Stringing different notes together produces these birds' fancy songs.

鸣禽以其美妙的旋律而闻名。 它们唱歌可能是为了寻找配偶或保卫家园。 它们的歌声也可以提醒对方有捕食者或食物来源。 鸣鸟没有喉头，而是有一个两侧的鸣管(sere -ink)。 两侧都有薄层的组织，称为膜，当空气经过时会振动。 振动引起空气分子移动，发出声波。 由于鸣管有两面，鸣鸟可以同时发出两种不同的声音。 将不同的音符串在一起，这些鸟就会发出美妙的歌曲。