83 How Things Are Different-High

How Things Are Different Written by Katherine Follett

《世界有何不同》凯瑟琳·福莱特著

Introduction Look around you. You see many things. What are they made of? Why are different things made of different stuff? Would you wear a shirt made of wood? Could you pound in a nail with a hammer made of paper? Why not? These might seem like silly questions. But they help you think about why things are made of different stuff.

看看你周围。 你能看到很多东西。它们是用什么做的? 为什么不同的东西是由不同的物质构成的? 你会穿木头做的衬衫吗? 你能用纸做的锤子把钉子钉进去吗? 为什么不呢?这些问题可能看起来很傻。 但它们能帮助你思考为什么事物是由不同的物质组成的。

Matter In science, the stuff that things are made of is called matter. In this book, you will learn about different kinds of matter. You will learn why we use different matter to make different things. When we study matter, two words are important to know. One word is material. Materials are what we use to make things. What kinds of materials can you name?

在科学中，构成事物的物质叫做物质。 在这本书中，你将了解不同种类的物质。 你将了解为什么我们用不同的物质制造不同的东西。 当我们研究物质时，知道两个词很重要。 一个词是material。材料是我们用来制造东西的东西。 你能说出什么样的材料?

The other word that is important to know is property. Look, feel, size, and shape are each a property of matter. Matter can be hard or soft. It can be wet or dry. These are properties of matter. What other properties can you think of? Think about a pencil. What words would you use to describe it? What materials is it made of? What properties do these materials have?

另一个重要的词是财产。 外观、感觉、大小和形状都是物质的属性。 物质可以是硬的也可以是软的。 它可以是湿的或干的。这些都是物质的性质。 你还能想到其他的房产吗? 想象一支铅笔。你会用什么词来形容它? 它是什么材料做的? 这些材料有什么特性?

When we make things, we use materials with properties that help each thing do its job. A property of sugar is that it is sweet. So we use sugar to make cookies sweet. An artist uses paints of different colors to make a picture. Properties of matter are important for all the things we make.

当我们制造东西时，我们使用的材料具有帮助每件东西完成其工作的特性。 糖的一个特性是它是甜的。 所以我们用糖让饼干变甜。 艺术家用不同颜色的颜料画一幅画。 物质的性质对我们制造的所有东西都很重要。

Solid, Liquid, and Gas There are three kinds of matter. A lot of the matter you see around you is solid. It has a certain shape and takes up a certain amount of space. If you were a fish, most of the matter around you would be liquid water. A liquid takes up a certain amount of space but easily changes shape. If you pour water from a bottle into a bowl, it takes the shape of the bowl. But it takes up the same amount of space.

固体、液体和气体有三种物质。 你周围看到的很多物质都是固体。 它有一定的形状，占用一定的空间。 如果你是一条鱼，你周围的大部分物质都是液态水。 液体占据一定的空间，但很容易改变形状。 如果你把瓶子里的水倒进碗里，它就会变成碗的形状。 但是它所占的空间是一样的。