72 Static Electricity-High

Static Electricity FOCUS Question What is static electricity, and how does it occur?

静电焦点问题静电是什么?它是如何产生的?

You Use Electricity Electricity lights up lamps. It powers your TV. It keeps your food cold. You use electricity every day. Electricity is a kind of energy, or power. The electricity used in homes is called electric current. It flows through wires to power things in your house. Word Wise A current of water and a current of electricity both flow. They move along in a steady way.

你使用电电点亮了灯。 它为你的电视供电。它能让你的食物保持低温。 你每天都要用电。 电是一种能量或动力。 家庭用电叫做电流。 它通过电线为你家里的东西供电。 水流和电流都会流动。 他们以稳定的方式前进。

Flashlights also use electric current. The power comes from a battery. Look at the ends of a battery. One end is positive, and one end is negative. These are called charges. Negative charges move toward positive charges. This makes an electric current flow.

手电筒也使用电流。 电力来自电池。 看看电池的两端。 一端是正极，一端是负极。 这些叫做电荷。负电荷向正电荷移动。 这就产生了电流。

Sticky Balloons Static electricity does not flow in a current. It stays on the outside of an object. Static forms when there is a positive or negative charge. Rub a balloon on your hair. Now the balloon sticks to a wall. Why? You gave the balloon a negative charge from your hair. The wall has a slightly positive charge when the balloon is near it. The positive and negative charges pull together. The balloon sticks to the wall.

静电不以电流的形式流动。 它停留在物体的外部。 当有正电荷或负电荷时就形成静电。 在头发上搓个气球。 现在气球粘在墙上。 为什么?你的头发给了气球一个负电荷。 当气球靠近壁面时，壁面带一点正电荷。 正电荷和负电荷相互吸引。 气球粘在墙上。

Bad Hair Day Run a comb through your dry hair. Each strand sticks up! Why? Two positive charges push away from each other (see page 4). The comb left your hair with positive charges of static electricity. Each strand pushes away from the others, so they stick up.

糟糕的发型梳理一下你干燥的头发。 每一股都竖起来了!为什么? 两个正电荷相互排斥(见第4页)。 梳子给你的头发留下了带正电荷的静电。 每一股都相互推挤，所以它们都竖起来了。

A Little Shock If too much static electricity builds up on an object, it jumps to another object. Want to try it? Put on socks. Then rub your feet on a carpet. You're building up a negative static charge. Now touch a metal doorknob. Zip! The shock you feel is the negative charge jumping quickly from you to the doorknob. You may even see a spark.

如果一个物体上积聚了太多的静电，它就会跳到另一个物体上。 想试试吗?穿上袜子。 然后在地毯上摩擦你的脚。 形成了一个负静电荷。 现在触摸一个金属门把手。 邮政!你感受到的冲击是负电荷从你身上迅速跳到门把手上。 你甚至可能看到火花。