Unit 2

UNIT 2 WORD LIST amateur An amateur is a person who does something for fun and isn't paid for it. The amateur took pictures just as well as the person who worked for money. ambiguous If something is ambiguous, it is not entirety clear. It's ambiguous as to whether a newborn baby looks like a girl or a boy. anonymous If someone is anonymous, no one knows who he or she is. An anonymous donor gave a thousand dollars to the museum. attain To attain something is to succeed at something or to get something you want. If you want to attain a healthy body, you must exercise every day. autonomy Autonomy is another word for freedom or independence. In the 1800s, the people of India fought for autonomy from Britain. concession A concession is something that one person gives up to another. China gave Hong Kong to Britain as a concession after the war. decay Decay is the result of something slowly being broken down or destroyed naturally. The decay in the old building was obvious. dwell To dwell somewhere means to live there. Before he was a successful writer, Mark Twain dwelled in the city of Hannibal, Missouri. enlighten To enlighten someone is to teach them about something. Greek philosophers wanted to enlighten the people of Athens with their ideas. enrich To enrich means to make someone rich or increase their wealth. Taxes on people's income can be used to enrich the government.

业余爱好者是指为了好玩而做某事而不拿报酬的人。 业余爱好者和为钱工作的人拍得一样好。 ambiguous adj .模棱两可的，模棱两可的 新生婴儿长得像女孩还是男孩，这是模棱两可的。 如果某人是匿名的，没有人知道他或她是谁。 一位匿名捐赠者给博物馆捐了一千美元。 attain something是指在某事上取得成功或得到你想要的东西。 如果你想拥有健康的身体，你必须每天锻炼。 autonomy是自由或独立的另一个词。 19世纪，印度人民为脱离英国而争取自治。 concession是指一个人向另一个人放弃的东西。 中国在战后将香港割让给英国。 decay是指某物慢慢分解或自然破坏的结果。 那座老建筑的衰败是很明显的。 住在某地意味着住在那里。 在成为一名成功的作家之前，马克·吐温住在密苏里州的汉尼拔市。 启迪某人就是教他们某事。 希腊哲学家想用他们的思想来启蒙雅典人。 充实意味着使某人富有或增加他们的财富。 对人民收入征税可以用来充实政府。

flourish To flourish means to do very well and be in an excellent condition. The Roman Empire flourished in Europe two thousand years ago. geometry Geometry is the study of shapes and how to measure them. If you want to be able to calculate the area of a circle, you must study geometry. gleam To gleam means to sparkle and shine. The waves of the ocean would gleam every night at sunset. greed Greed is wanting to have more of something than you need or should have. The story of King Midas is a story of greed. harmony Harmony is a feeling that everything is peaceful, balanced, and in agreement. The United Nations is struggling to bring peace and harmony to the world. indigenous Indigenous means that something or someone exists naturally in an environment or area. The Pueblo people were an indigenous tribe in Arizona who lived in adobe homes. jurisdiction Jurisdiction means the power or right to make judgments about the law and how it is upheld. We did not have jurisdiction to bring the criminal to trial. parade A parade is a series of things or people that come or are shown one after another. This parade of elephants is part of an open-air exhibit to honor these majestic animals. statue A statue is a three-dimensional work of art, usually made of clay, marble, or metal. The Venus de Milo is a famous ancient Greek statue. Virgin A virgin is someone who has never had sex. The virgin goddess of the moon was known as Diana.

蓬勃发展的意思是做得很好，处于极好的状态。 两千年前，罗马帝国在欧洲繁荣昌盛。 几何学是研究形状和如何测量形状的学科。 如果你想计算圆的面积，你必须学习几何。 闪闪发光的意思是闪闪发光。 每晚日落时，大海的波浪都会闪烁。 贪婪是想要拥有比你需要或应该拥有的更多的东西。 迈达斯国王的故事是一个贪婪的故事。 和谐是一种感觉，一切都是和平、平衡和一致的。 联合国正在努力为世界带来和平与和谐。 indigenous指的是某物或某人在某个环境或地区自然存在。 普韦布洛人是亚利桑那州的一个土著部落，他们住在土坯房里。 司法权是指对法律及其如何执行作出判决的权力或权利。 我们没有审判罪犯的管辖权。 parade游行游行是一系列的事物或人一个接一个地出现。 这次大象游行是纪念这些雄伟动物的露天展览的一部分。 雕像是一种三维的艺术品，通常由粘土、大理石或金属制成。 米洛的维纳斯是一座著名的古希腊雕像。 处女是指从未有过性行为的人。 处女的月亮女神被称为黛安娜。

Debate Over the Elgin Marbles The Elgin Marbles consists of a parade of beautiful statues of gods and goddesses from Athens, a Greek city named for Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom and warfare. The statues were sculpted at a time when Athens was flourishing and perhaps the most powerful city in the world. These works of art were once brightly painted and gleamed in the sunshine, but today, 2,500 years later, many of them are broken and have lost their color. The anonymous artists who created them were very skilled in geometry, which is apparent in the sense of balance and harmony that they possess. The statues continue to awe those who come from around the world to view them. Even now the Elgin Marbles enlighten artists about the creation of beauty. In the 1800s, Lord Elgin visited Athens from England. He was an amateur art lover who was saddened to see that the statues had fallen into decay. He asked the Sultan of Turkey, who then ruled Athens, if he could buy the statues. The Sultan agreed in the hopes of enriching his kingdom. And since he found the statues to be of little importance, he willingly made the concession. Lord Elgin had just attained some of the most important treasures in art history! He brought the Elgin Marbles to England and donated them to the British Museum, where they remain to this day. However, after the Greeks attained autonomy from Turkey, their leaders complained about the sale. They believed that the Sultan of Turkey never had jurisdiction to sell the statues in the first place and that the beautiful works of art did not belong in England—instead, they should be returned to Athens, where indigenous Greeks have always dwelled. However, the British Museum has refused to return the Elgin Marbles. They say they will not feed the greed of the Greeks, and that their claims to the statues are ambiguous at best. They believe the British paid for the statues fairly and in compliance with all the laws of the time.

埃尔金大理石雕由一系列来自雅典的美丽的神和女神雕像组成，雅典是一座以智慧和战争的处女女神雅典娜命名的希腊城市。 这些雕像雕刻时，雅典正处于繁荣时期，也许是世界上最强大的城市。 这些艺术品曾经被涂上鲜艳的色彩，在阳光下闪闪发光，但在2500年后的今天，它们中的许多都已经破碎，失去了色彩。 创造它们的无名艺术家在几何方面非常熟练，这在他们所拥有的平衡与和谐感中是显而易见的。 这些雕像继续让来自世界各地的人们敬畏。 直到现在，埃尔金大理石雕还在启发着艺术家们如何创造美。 19世纪，埃尔金勋爵从英国访问了雅典。 他是一个业余的艺术爱好者，看到这些雕像已经腐烂，他感到很难过。 他问当时统治雅典的土耳其苏丹是否可以购买这些雕像。 苏丹同意了，希望能使他的王国富裕起来。 由于他发现这些雕像并不重要，他自愿做出让步。 埃尔金勋爵刚刚获得了艺术史上最重要的宝藏！他把埃尔金大理石雕带到了英国，并捐赠给了大英博物馆，一直保存到今天。 然而，在希腊人从土耳其获得自治权后，他们的领导人抱怨这次出售。 他们认为，土耳其苏丹从一开始就没有出售这些雕像的管辖权，这些美丽的艺术品不属于英国——相反，它们应该归还给希腊土著居民一直居住的雅典。 然而，大英博物馆拒绝归还埃尔金大理石雕。 他们说，他们不会满足希腊人的贪婪，他们对这些雕像的要求充其量是模棱两可的。 他们认为英国支付雕像的费用是公平的，符合当时所有的法律。