Unit 29

UNIT 29 WORD LIST conversion Conversion is the act of changing something into a different state or form. The city discussed the conversion of the parking lot into a skateboard park. cram To cram things means to put them into a place that can barely contain them. He crammed all of his shirts into the top drawer of the dresser. defer To defer means to arrange for an action to happen at a later time. The girl was very sleepy, so she chose to defer her bath until morning. export To export products means to sell them to other countries. The United States exports many cereals and grains. fume Fumes are unhealthy smoke and gases that are made by fires or chemicals. The engine put unpleasant, black fumes into the air. habitual When something is habitual, it is a behavior that a person usually does or has. The man was a habitual liar who was incapable of being honest with anyone. justify To justify something means to show or prove that it is necessary. The government tried to justify its decision to bring the country into a war. notwithstanding We use notwithstanding when we want to show that, although something has been done, it is not enough. A similar term is in spite of. Notwithstanding your objections, we have decided to move forward with the project. output Output is the amount of something that a person or thing produces. The boss hired more workers to increase the factory's output of products. overpopulation Overpopulation is the state of having too many people in an area. The organization is concerned with the overpopulation of the world.

转换是把某物变成另一种状态或形式的行为。 市政府讨论了把停车场改造成滑板公园的问题。 cram的意思是把东西塞进一个几乎容不下它们的地方。 他把所有的衬衫都塞进梳妆台最上面的抽屉里。 defer的意思是安排一个动作在稍后的时间发生。 这个女孩很困，所以她决定把洗澡推迟到早上。 出口产品就是把产品卖到其他国家。 美国出口许多谷物和谷物。 烟雾是由火或化学物质产生的不健康的烟雾和气体。 发动机向空气中喷出令人不快的黑烟。 当某事是习惯性的，它是一个人经常做或拥有的行为。 这个人是个惯于说谎的人，对任何人都不诚实。 为某事辩护意味着表明或证明它是必要的。 政府试图为其使国家陷入战争的决定辩护。 当我们想表示虽然做了某件事，但还不够时，我们就用“尽管”。 一个类似的术语是in spite of。 尽管你反对，我们还是决定推进这个项目。 产出是指一个人或事物生产的数量。 老板雇用了更多的工人来增加工厂的产品产量。 人口过剩是指一个地区人口过多的状态。 该组织关注世界人口过剩问题。

patent A patent is a right to be the only person allowed to make or sell a new product. He quickly established a patent for his brilliant invention. penalize To penalize someone means to punish him or her. The team was penalized when they broke the rules. petroleum Petroleum is a liquid natural resource from which many fuels are made. The petroleum at that factory is used to make gasoline. region A region is a large area of land usually based on some common feature. This is the wheat-growing region of the country. scrap A scrap of something is a small amount of it. Chris liked to use many scraps of paper when thinking up ideas. sector A sector is a part of a country's economy in a specific type of industry. We learned about just a few of the factories within the manufacturing sector. subscribe To subscribe to something is to agree with it. She subscribed to the view that musical education should be kept in schools. subsist To subsist means to have the food, water, and money needed to stay alive. Some people are forced to subsist on only a few dollars a month. suspend To suspend something means to delay or stop it from happening for a while. The oil company suspended production until it was sure the factory was safe. synthesis A synthesis is a combination of different ideas or styles. The band's music was a synthesis of many different musical genres.

专利是唯一被允许制造或销售新产品的人的权利。 他很快就为自己的杰出发明申请了专利。 惩罚某人的意思是惩罚他或她。 该队违反规则时受到处罚。 石油是一种液态的自然资源，许多燃料都是由它制成的。 那家工厂的石油被用来制造汽油。 区域通常是基于一些共同特征的大片土地。 这是这个国家的小麦种植区。 scrap of something的意思是一小部分。 克里斯想点子的时候喜欢用很多纸片。 sector是一个国家经济中特定类型产业的一部分。 我们只了解了制造业中的几家工厂。 subscribe To something就是同意某事。 她同意音乐教育应在学校进行的观点。 生存意味着拥有维持生命所需的食物、水和钱。 有些人被迫每月仅靠几美元维持生活。 暂停某事的意思是延迟或阻止某事发生一段时间。 石油公司暂停生产，直到确定工厂安全为止。 综合是不同思想或风格的结合。 这个乐队的音乐是许多不同音乐流派的综合。

Preparing for Future Overpopulation is a big problem in every region of the world today. Too many people are crammed into cities and towns around the globe. Earth's population is about 6.5 billion people. This number is growing every day. Notwithstanding improvements in birth control, in just 50 years, the population will be almost 9 billion. Many people worry that the Earth won't have enough resources to support so many people. One major reason for this is that wasting resources and polluting have become habitual behaviors. Industrial output results in polluting the air with dangerous fumes. Also, cars and machines waste important natural resources like oil and water. It's possible that the Earth may become so damaged that it cannot support a large population of humans. Another issue is the lack of useful land for cultivating crops. Even today, many people subsist on mere scraps of food and little water. In 50 years, many experts worry that huge numbers of people will starve to death. So, what is being done to prepare for the future? People are realizing they can no longer justify their wasteful behavior or defer action to fix it. Many car companies already have patents for very efficient cars. Such cars waste no resources and produce no pollution, A conversion to clean cars means that petroleum can be saved for the future. In addition, the environmental sectors of many governments are setting strict rules for industries that pollute too much. If companies do not keep to these standards, they are penalized with higher taxes. In some cases, their operations might be suspended altogether. Food is also an issue that is being tackled. Many countries are now subscribing to the point of view that immediate action is needed. They are determining ways to export goods to people in need, so that no one goes hungry. Experts will continue to come up with ideas for the future, and a synthesis of these ideas will help to support the growing population.

为未来做准备人口过剩是当今世界每个地区的一个大问题。 太多的人挤在世界各地的城市和城镇。 地球人口约为65亿人。 这个数字每天都在增长。 尽管在生育控制方面有所改进，但在短短50年内，人口将接近90亿。 许多人担心地球将没有足够的资源来养活这么多人。 造成这种情况的一个主要原因是浪费资源和污染已成为一种习惯行为。 工业生产导致有害气体污染空气。 此外，汽车和机器浪费重要的自然资源，如石油和水。 地球可能会受到严重破坏，以至于无法维持大量人口的生存。 另一个问题是缺乏可用于种植作物的土地。 即使在今天，许多人仍仅靠残羹剩饭和很少的水维生。 许多专家担心50年后会有大量的人饿死。 那么，我们正在为未来做什么准备呢？ 人们意识到，他们不能再为自己的浪费行为辩护，也不能再推迟解决问题的行动。 许多汽车公司已经拥有高效能汽车的专利。 这样的汽车不会浪费资源，也不会产生污染。向清洁汽车的转变意味着可以为未来节省石油。 此外，许多政府的环保部门正在为污染严重的行业制定严格的规定。 如果公司不遵守这些标准，他们将受到更高的税收惩罚。 在某些情况下，它们的业务可能完全暂停。 食品也是一个正在解决的问题。 许多国家现在赞成必须立即采取行动的观点。 他们正在决定如何向有需要的人出口货物，这样就不会有人挨饿。 专家们将继续提出未来的想法，这些想法的综合将有助于支持不断增长的人口。