Unit 27

UNIT 27 WORD LIST airway An airway is the passage by which air reaches a person's lungs. Since he was sick, mucus would occasionally get stuck in his airway. Almighty The Almighty is a name for a god in a religion. Before eating, they thanked the Almighty for their food. advent An advent is the arrival or beginning of an important person, thing, or event. During the advent of radio, very few programs actually played music. cycle A cycle is a series of events that go in a circle from the end back to the beginning again. They were caught in a cycle of poverty, lack of education, and unemployment. definitive If something is definitive, then it is the most official. This library has the definitive collection of books on ancient Egypt. equate To equate one thing with another is to compare them and consider them very similar. She equated the man's messy appearance with a lack of responsibility. found To found something on an idea or principal is to base it on that idea. This is founded on the belief that all people are created equal. ideology An ideology is a system of belief Within the teacher's ideology, there was a belief in the value of parent participation. inhale To inhale means to take air or a smell into the lungs. The camper inhaled the cool and fresh mountain air and felt relaxed. invoke To invoke something is to mention it to support an argument or ask for help. Before going into battle, the soldier invoked the name of his god for protection.

气道气道是空气到达人体肺部的通道。 因为他生病了，粘液偶尔会卡在他的气道里。 全能的是一个宗教中神的名字。 吃饭前，他们感谢上帝赐予他们食物。 advent是指重要人物、事物或事件的到来或开始。 在广播出现期间，很少有节目真正播放音乐。 循环是一系列事件从结束回到开始的循环。 他们陷入了贫穷、缺乏教育和失业的恶性循环。 如果某事是definitive，那么它是最官方的。 这家图书馆收藏了最权威的古埃及书籍。 把一件事物与另一件事物等同起来就是把它们进行比较，并认为它们非常相似。 她把那个男人凌乱的外表与缺乏责任心相提并论。 根据一个想法或原则发现某事就是把它建立在那个想法上。 这是建立在人人生而平等的信念之上的。 意识形态是一种信仰体系。在老师的意识形态中，有一种对家长参与的价值的信念。 吸气的意思是把空气或气味吸入肺部。 露营者呼吸着山上凉爽新鲜的空气，感到很放松。 invoke是指提及某事来支持一个论点或寻求帮助。 在上战场之前，士兵祈求他的神的名字来保护他。

lunar If something is lunar, then it is related to the moon. During a lunar eclipse, Earth's shadow darkens the moon's surface. novelty A novelty is something that is new, original, or strange. Ice cream was a novelty for him since he rarely had any. outmoded If something is outmoded, then it is no longer in fashion or use. Black and white television sets are outmoded. personalize To personalize something means to design it to meet a person's unique needs. He personalized the woman's exercises to give her a better workout. psychiatric If something is psychiatric, then it is related to mental illness or its treatment. The doctor said the patient might have a psychiatric problem. psychiatry Psychiatry is the study and treatment of mental illness. Studying psychiatry has taught me a lot about mental illness. reflex A reflex is an unconscious action in which a body part responds to an event. There was a reflex when the doctor hit his knee with a rubber hammer. seizure A seizure is a sudden condition in which the body loses control and shakes. Bright flashing lights can cause seizures in children. session A session is a meeting at a regular time in order to discuss and solve an issue. Every three months, the managers met in a session to discuss regional sales. utensil A utensil is a common tool or container. It seemed that a fork was the wrong utensil for trying to eat the soup.

lunar如果某物是lunar的，那么它与月球有关。 在月食期间，地球的阴影使月球表面变暗。 novelty是指新的、原创的或奇怪的东西。 冰淇淋对他来说是新鲜事物，因为他很少吃。 如果某物是过时的，那么它就不再流行或使用了。 黑白电视机已经过时了。 使某物个性化意味着设计它以满足某人的独特需求。 他为这位女士量身定制锻炼方案，让她得到更好的锻炼。 如果某样东西是精神病学的，那么它与精神疾病或其治疗有关。 医生说病人可能有精神问题。 精神病学精神病学是对精神疾病的研究和治疗。 学习精神病学教会了我很多关于精神疾病的知识。 反射是身体某一部位对某一事件作出反应的无意识行为。 当医生用橡胶锤打他的膝盖时，他产生了反射。 癫痫发作是一种身体失去控制并颤抖的突发状况。 明亮的闪光灯会引起儿童癫痫发作。 会话是为了讨论和解决问题而定期召开的会议。 经理们每三个月开会一次，讨论地区销售情况。 器具器具是一种常用的工具或容器。 看样子叉子不是用来喝汤的。

Seizures Then and Now If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure today, they would be surprised by the treatment's novelty. That's because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by very old medical beliefs than by science. Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. This belief was founded on an ideology that equated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and planets could make someone have a seizure. During a session to treat a patient who had seizures, doctors would force the patient to invoke the grace of the Almighty. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures. The advent of modern psychiatry occurred during the 1800s. At that time, people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were insane. However, none of the outmoded treatments worked. It wasn't until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes involve the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking reflex in the body. These usually occur when someone is very tired. Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were developed. Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has. Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often shove some utensil in the person's mouth. However, this doesn't help. The utensil often blocks the airway and prevents the person from inhaling. Yet, most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.

如果一个生活在200年前的人在今天接受癫痫治疗，他们会对这种治疗的新颖性感到惊讶。 这是因为19世纪的医生更多地受到古老医学信仰的影响，而不是科学。 19世纪的人们仍然认为癫痫是由奇怪的力量造成的，而不是大脑引起的。 这种信仰建立在一种意识形态的基础上，这种意识形态将癫痫与邪灵的行为等同起来。 其他人则认为癫痫发作有宇宙或月球的原因。 他们相信月亮和行星的周期会使人癫痫发作。 在治疗癫痫患者的过程中，医生会强迫患者祈求上帝的恩典。 他们认为如果病人这样做，那么病人就会摆脱引起癫痫发作的恶灵。 现代精神病学出现在19世纪。 当时，患有癫痫发作的人被安置在精神病院。 他们被当作疯子对待。 然而，这些过时的治疗方法都不起作用。 直到19世纪50年代末，人们才了解癫痫发作的原因。 我们今天知道，这些原因与大脑有关。 大脑发出的错误信号会引起身体的抽搐反射。 这些通常发生在某人很累的时候。 一旦发现癫痫发作的原因，就会开发出明确的治疗方法。 如今，治疗方法从服药到手术都有。 治疗是根据患者癫痫发作的类型进行个性化的。 即使在今天，有些人也不确定癫痫发作。 他们最常见的错误是认为癫痫发作的人会吞下自己的舌头。 他们经常把一些器具塞进人的嘴里。 然而，这并没有帮助。 这种器具经常阻塞气道，阻止人吸入。 然而，大多数公众不再害怕癫痫发作的人。 相反，他们现在可以帮助和安慰一个人，如果他们癫痫发作。