Unit 25

UNIT 25 WORD LIST certify To certify something means to confirm that its results are true. The photograph on her passport certified that she was indeed Jolene Sawyer. coherent The parts of a coherent plan fit well together. This was a coherent program for solving the flooding problem. collaborate To collaborate means to work together on something. When they collaborated, they managed to finish their chores early. compile To compile things means to collect a variety of them into a group. She compiled a list of people who she wanted to attend her birthday party. curb To curb something means to prevent it from happening or increasing. She curbed her anger by listening to a relaxing song. diagnose To diagnose someone means to identify the medical condition they have. Several of the children were diagnosed with the flu. enact To enact something means to make it into a law. The council enacted a law that would only allow buses to drive downtown. federation A federation is a group of states or businesses working for a common cause. The United Nations is a federation designed to prevent war, disease, and famine. gross If something is gross, then it is disgusting. The food was so gross that the dog couldn't eat it without feeling sick. humane If something is humane, then it is good and kind. Helping build homes for poor people is very humane.

证明某事意味着确认其结果是真实的。 她护照上的照片证明她确实是乔琳·索耶。 coherent adj .连贯的一个连贯计划的各部分配合得很好。 这是一个解决洪水问题的连贯方案。 协作的意思是在某事上共同努力。 当他们合作时，他们设法提前完成了家务。 编译的意思是把各种各样的东西收集成一组。 她列了一张她想要参加她生日聚会的人的名单。 抑制某事的意思是阻止它的发生或增加。 她听了一首轻松的歌来抑制自己的愤怒。 诊断某人的意思是确定他们的医疗状况。 有几个孩子被诊断患了流感。 颁布某物意味着使之成为法律。 议会颁布了一项法律，只允许公共汽车在市中心行驶。 federation指为共同事业而工作的一组州或企业。 联合国是一个旨在防止战争、疾病和饥荒的联盟。 如果某物很恶心，那它就很恶心。 食物太恶心了，狗一吃就觉得恶心。 如果某物是人道的，那么它是好的和善良的。 帮助穷人建房是非常人道的。

needy If someone is needy, they are very poor. After he lost his job, he became very needy. onset The onset of something unpleasant is the beginning of it. At the onset of the battle, the enemy wasn't prepared for such a large attack. pledge To pledge means to make a promise to do something. Her mother pledged that she would find her daughter's lost kitten. prohibit To prohibit something means to not allow it. She prohibited the students from speaking until their work was done. render To render something means to make it become something else. His report was rendered unimportant by the release of new information. smallpox Smallpox is a disease that causes tiny bumps on the skin and high fevers. When she saw the tiny bumps, she thought her son might have smallpox. transform To transform something is to change it in a very significant way. The education system has been completely transformed. transmit To transmit something means to pass it from one person or place to another. The radio tower transmits a signal to all the radios in a 20-kilometer radius. VOW To vow means to make a promise to do something. Before they are allowed to work, all senators must vow to never accept bribes. widespread Something that is widespread is spread widely across the world. It is a widespread belief that colds are caused by cold weather.

如果某人很穷，他们就很穷。 他失业后，变得非常贫困。 一件不愉快的事情的开始就是它的开始。 在战斗开始时，敌人对如此大规模的进攻没有准备。 pledge的意思是承诺做某事。 她母亲保证一定会找到她女儿丢失的小猫。 禁止某事意味着不允许它。 她禁止学生们在完成作业之前发言。 渲染某物意味着把它变成别的东西。 由于新消息的发布，他的报告变得不重要了。 天花是一种会在皮肤上引起小肿块和高烧的疾病。 当她看到这些小肿块时，她认为她的儿子可能得了天花。 To transform something是指以一种非常显著的方式改变它。 教育体制已经彻底转变。 传输某物的意思是将它从一个人或地方传递给另一个人或地方。 无线电发射塔向半径20公里内的所有无线电发射塔发送信号。 誓言的意思是承诺做某事。 所有参议员在被允许工作之前必须发誓决不接受贿赂。 广泛的某物在世界范围内广泛传播。 人们普遍认为感冒是由寒冷的天气引起的。

The End of Smallpox Smallpox was once the most deadly widespread disease in the world. During the 1800s more than 20 million people got the disease every year. Of those, nearly half died. At the onset of smallpox, people suffered from high fevers, headaches, vomiting, and aching muscles. Yet, the worst symptom of all was the irritation over the entire body. Those who survived the disease were often rendered blind or left with gross scars on their face and body. Today, however, cases of smallpox are very rare due to the work of many countries during the late 1900s. This federation of countries collaborated to completely destroy smallpox. Early in the century, wealthy countries in Europe and North America had developed a substance that made the body immune to smallpox. They had required all their citizens to get this vaccine to fight the disease. Hence, the people of these countries no longer had to worry about smallpox. However, many of the needy people in poorer parts of the world still suffered from the disease. Their countries could not afford the vaccine nor supply enough doctors to curb the spread of smallpox. In 1950, the wealthier countries of the world vowed to rid the world of the disease. They worked out a coherent strategy to do this. They pledged to supply the vaccine to any country that could not afford it. Scientists compiled lists of areas where the disease still thrived. Then doctors diagnosed people who had the disease in these areas. They enacted laws that prohibited people with smallpox from mixing with those who did not in this way, they could not transmit the disease to others. Then the doctors gave all of them the vaccine. It took a long time, and a lot of work. But nearly thirty years later, on December 9, 1979, a group of scientists certified that smallpox had been successfully stopped. The humane efforts of people from all over the world had accomplished a great task and transformed people's lives.

天花曾经是世界上传播最广泛的致命疾病。 在19世纪，每年有超过2000万人感染这种疾病。 其中，近一半人死亡。 天花发病时，人们会出现高烧、头痛、呕吐和肌肉酸痛的症状。 然而，最糟糕的症状是整个身体的刺激。 那些幸存下来的人通常会失明，或者在脸上和身上留下严重的伤疤。 然而，今天，由于许多国家在20世纪后期的努力，天花病例非常罕见。 这个国家联盟合作彻底消灭了天花。 本世纪初，欧洲和北美的富裕国家已经开发出一种使人体对天花免疫的物质。 他们要求所有公民接种这种疫苗来对抗这种疾病。 因此，这些国家的人们再也不用担心天花了。 然而，世界上较贫穷地区的许多有需要的人仍然患有这种疾病。 他们的国家买不起疫苗，也没有足够的医生来遏制天花的传播。 1950年，世界上较富裕的国家发誓要在世界上消灭这种疾病。 他们为此制定了一个连贯的策略。 他们保证向任何负担不起疫苗的国家提供疫苗。 科学家们列出了该疾病仍然猖獗的地区。 然后医生对这些地区的患者进行诊断。 他们颁布了法律，禁止天花患者和没有天花的人混在一起，这样他们就不能把疾病传染给别人。 然后医生给他们所有人注射了疫苗。 这花了很长时间，做了很多工作。 但是将近30年后，1979年12月9日，一组科学家证实天花已经被成功地消灭了。 世界各国人民的人道主义努力完成了一项伟大的任务，改变了人们的生活。