Unit 18

UNIT 18 WORD LIST adapt To adapt means to change in order to deal with a new situation. When he went to the new town, he had to adapt to all the weather changes. biological Biological describes the process of life and living things. In science class, we learned about the biological process of bacterial growth. cellular When something is cellular, it relates to the cells of animals or plants. She used a microscope to see the activity at a cellular level. dynamic When people are dynamic, they are lively and have creative ideas. The new, dynamic employee came up with a good way to juggle his workload. fantasy A fantasy is a pleasant situation that people think about but is unlikely to happen. Becoming an astronaut is a fantasy shared by many children. heredity Heredity is the process of passing on features from parents to children. The boy's face is similar to his father's because of heredity. internal When something is internal, it exists or happens inside a person, object, or place. We removed the outer case to reveal the computer's internal wires. minimal When something is minimal, it is very small. My lazy husband does a minimal amount of work around the house. pioneer A pioneer is a person who is the first to discover or be involved in something. He was a pioneer of computer programming. prescribe To prescribe medicine means to tell someone to take it. When I was sick, the doctor prescribed flu medicine for me to take.

adapt的意思是为了应对新情况而改变。 当他去到新城镇时，他不得不适应所有的天气变化。 biological描述生命和生物的过程。 在科学课上，我们了解了细菌生长的生物学过程。 当某物是cellular时，它与动物或植物的细胞有关。 她用显微镜观察细胞水平上的活动。 dynamic adj .动态的当人们是动态的，他们是活泼的，有创造性的想法。 这位充满活力的新员工想出了一个好办法来平衡他的工作量。 幻想是人们想象的一种愉快的情况，但不太可能发生。 成为一名宇航员是许多孩子共同的梦想。 遗传是将特征从父母传给子女的过程。 由于遗传，这个男孩的脸和他父亲的很像。 当某事是internal时，它存在或发生在一个人、物体或地方内部。 我们打开外壳，露出电脑内部的电线。 当某物是minimal时，它是非常小的。 我懒惰的丈夫在家里做的工作很少。 先锋是指第一个发现或参与某事的人。 他是计算机编程的先驱。 开药方的意思是告诉某人服用它。 当我生病时，医生给我开了流感药。

respective When things are respective, they relate separately to each person just mentioned. The boxers were told to return to their respective corners. rigid When rules or systems are rigid, they are severe because they cannot be changed. Societies often have rigid rules about the way that people are supposed to act. sequence A sequence is a number of events or things that come one after another. The dominos fell in a sequence of one after another. similar Things which are similar are almost the same. I have had a similar experience to the one you described. substitute To substitute something or someone means to have them take the place of another. When I ran out of juice, I had to substitute water to drink in the morning. surgeon A surgeon is a doctor who is trained to do surgery. The surgeon operated on the old man's heart. therapy Therapy is treatment for a particular physical or mental illness or condition. After she broke her legs, she used physical therapy to learn how to walk again. transfer To transfer something means to move it from one place to another. The family transferred the groceries from the shopping cart to the car. transition A transition is a process where there is a change from one form to another. The weather gets colder during the transition from summer to autumn. transplant A transplant is an operation in which a damaged part of one's body is replaced. The sick child needed a heart transplant to live.

当事物是各自的，它们分别与刚才提到的每个人有关。 拳击手们被告知回到各自的角落。 当规则或制度是刚性的，它们是严厉的，因为它们不能改变。 社会通常对人们应该如何行动有严格的规定。 序列是一系列事件或事物一个接一个地出现。 多米诺骨牌一个接一个地倒下。 相似的事物几乎是相同的。 我也有过和你描述的相似的经历。 代替某事或某人的意思是让他们代替另一个。 当我的果汁喝完了，我不得不在早上喝水。 外科医生是受过外科手术训练的医生。 外科医生给老人做了心脏手术。 治疗是针对特定身体或精神疾病或状况的治疗。 她摔断了腿后，用物理疗法重新学会了走路。 转移意思是把某物从一个地方移到另一个地方。 一家人把杂货从购物车搬到汽车上。 转换是从一种形式转变为另一种形式的过程。 从夏天到秋天的过渡期间，天气变得更冷。 transplant n .移植器官移植是一种手术，将身体受损的部分替换掉。 这个生病的孩子需要心脏移植才能活下去。

The First Organ Transplant In 1954, a man named Richard was dying of kidney disease. He wouldn't survive for long unless he got a new kidney right away. Richard's twin brother, Ronald, was willing to donate one of his kidneys to his dying brother. At the time, however, no doctor had ever performed a successful internal organ transplant. The idea of taking an organ out of one person and putting it into another was just a fantasy. But the brothers decided to be brave and found a doctor who could make organ transplants a reality. Since Richard and Ronald were twins, their heredity was identical. They had the exact same biological traits. Even their kidneys were identical at the cellular level. Therefore, Ronald's working kidney could be substituted for Richard's bad one. Richard's body could adapt to the new organ if the operation was done correctly. The twins went to Dr. Murray, who was a pioneer of new surgical methods. His dynamic team of surgeons performed the transplant. Dr. Murray made sure his surgeons followed a rigid sequence of directions so that no mistakes were made. First, they made a minimal cut in Richard's side and removed the bad kidney. Then, they made another small cut in Ronald's side, removed his kidney, and transferred it into Richard's body. Finally, they sewed up the respective cuts. The entire operation only took about one hour. After the surgery, it was clear that both brothers were going to be OK. The operation was confirmed a success. Richard's new kidney worked great! Doctors prescribed medicine for the pain caused by the surgery. Since Richard was still weak, he used physical therapy to rebuild his strength. At last, Richard's transition into a healthy, happy person was complete. Dr. Murray became a hero in the medical world. His success gave other doctors confidence to try organ transplants themselves. Now, doctors perform similar life-saving transplants and surgeries every day.

第一次器官移植1954年，一个名叫理查德的人死于肾病。 除非他马上得到一个新的肾脏，否则他活不了多久。 理查德的孪生兄弟罗纳德愿意把自己的一个肾脏捐给他垂死的哥哥。 然而，当时还没有医生成功进行过一次内脏移植手术。 从一个人身上取出一个器官再移植到另一个人身上的想法只是一种幻想。 但兄弟俩决定勇敢地去找一位能让器官移植成为现实的医生。 由于理查德和罗纳德是双胞胎，他们的遗传基因是相同的。 他们有完全相同的生物特征。 甚至他们的肾脏在细胞水平上也是相同的。 因此，罗纳德的正常肾可以代替理查德的坏肾。 如果手术做得好，理查德的身体可以适应这个新器官。 这对双胞胎去看默里医生，他是新手术方法的先驱。 他的充满活力的外科医生团队进行了移植手术。 默里医生确保他的外科医生按照严格的顺序操作，以免出错。 首先，他们在理查德的身体一侧做了一个小切口，取出了坏肾。 然后，他们在罗纳德的一侧又做了一个小切口，取出他的肾脏，移植到理查德的身体里。 最后，他们缝合了各自的伤口。 整个手术只花了大约一个小时。 手术后，很明显，两兄弟都会好起来的。 手术证实是成功的。 理查德的新肾工作得很好！医生为手术引起的疼痛开了药。 由于理查德仍然很虚弱，他使用物理疗法来恢复体力。 终于，理查德完成了向一个健康、快乐的人的转变。 默里医生成了医学界的英雄。 他的成功给了其他医生尝试器官移植的信心。 现在，医生每天都在进行类似的挽救生命的移植和手术。